Lecture 2 - Overview of the Immune System

Question 1

What are the four main categories of pathogens?

Answer 1

Viruses, Parasites, Bacteria, and Fungi

Question 2

True or False?:

Immune responses are quickly tailored to the type of organism involved.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False?:

Immune responses lead to life-long immunity.

Answer 3

In some cases, an immune response can result in life-long immunity.

Question 4

How can passive immunization occur?

Answer 4

Passive immunization can occur naturally (mother-to-fetus transfer of antibodies) or induced (administration of antiserum).

Question 5

Natural infection and vaccination are both examples of what?

Answer 5

Active Immunization

Question 6

What are the three “major players” of the immune system?

Answer 6

Key Tissues, Cells, and Molecules

Question 7

What are the key tissues of the immune system?

Answer 7

Bone Marrow, Thymus, Lymphatics, and Lymph Nodes

Question 8

True or False?:

Lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosal associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) are all examples of secondary (peripheral) tissues of the immune system.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

True or False?:

Bone marrow and the thymus are examples of secondary (peripheral) tissues of the immune system.

Answer 9

False

Bone marrow and the thymus are examples of primary (central) tissues of the immune system.

Question 10

What is the difference between primary (central) and secondary (peripheral) tissues of the immune system?

Answer 10

Primary tissues are lymphoid organs where lymphocytes are generated while secondary tissues are lymphoid organs where lymphocytes are activated.

Question 11

What are the two types of immunity?

Answer 11

Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity

Question 12

Of the following 6 cells, which are involved with innate immunity and which are involved with adapive immunity?:

B-Cell, Differentiated Plasma B-Cell, Macrophage, CD4 T-Cell, Dendritic Cell, CD8 T-Cell

Answer 12

Innate: Macrophage and Dendritic Cell

Adaptive: B-Cell, Differentiated Plasma B-Cell, CD4 T-Cell, and CD8 T-Cell

Question 13

What are cells of the immune system also known as?

Answer 13

Leukocytes or White Blood Cells

Question 14

Where do leukocytes originate?

Answer 14

Bone Marrow

Question 15

What are the two main lineages of leukocytes?

Answer 15

Lymphoid and Myeloid

Question 16

True or False?:

B-cells, T-cells, and NK cells are all types of myeloid lineage leukocytes while most other leukocytes are of lymphoid lineage.

Answer 16

False

B-cells, T-cells, and NK cells are all types of lymphoid lineage leukocytes while most other leukocytes are of myeloid lineage.

Question 17

Which cell’s receptor can exist in both membrane-bound and secreted forms?

Answer 17

B-Cell Receptor (BCR)

Question 18

True or False?:

T-cell receptors exist only in a membrane-bound form.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What determines T- and B-cell specificity?

Answer 19

Specificty is determined by expression of receptors on the cell surface.

Question 20

What important function do dendritic cells accomplish?

Answer 20

Dendritic cells form the bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses.

Question 21

What are the four key types of molecules in the immune system?

Answer 21

Secreted Proteins, Receptors on the Cell Surface, Intracellular Signaling Molecules & Transcription Factors, and Antigen

Question 22

True or False?:

Molecules can function to communicate (between cells or inside cells) or mediate interactions between cells in the immune system.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Chemokines and cytokines are examples of which key type of molecule in the immune system?

Answer 23

Secreted Proteins

Question 24

What do chemokines and cytokines facilitate?

Answer 24

Chemokines and cytokines faciliate intercellular communication.

Question 25

What do cell-surface receptors do in the immune system?

Answer 25

Specific receptors on the cell surface allow chemokines and cytoines to bind to target cells as well as allow cells to interact with eachother.

Question 26

What is antigen?

Answer 26

Antigen is the name given to any molecule are immune responses are generated against.

Question 27

What type of molecule are most antigens?

Answer 27

Proteins

Question 28

What is an epitope?

Answer 28

An epitope is the specific portion of an Ag that is recognized by a receptor on an immune cell.

Question 29

What are the four general stages in innate immunity?

Answer 29

Pathogen Entry, Pathogen Recognition, Inflammation, Homing to LN

Question 30

What are the three general stages of adaptive immunity?

Answer 30

T- and B-Cell Activaiton, Adaptive Immune Response, and Regulation & Memory