Lecture 2. Review of Cell Structure – Their Role in Physiological Processes

Question 1

Derived from Latin word “cella”,
meaning ‘storeroom’ or ‘chamber’.

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

Cell is first used in biology in 1665 by
English botanist ________ to describe the individual units of the honeycomb-like structure he observed in cork under a compound microscope.

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

The size of individual cells varies from
_____ um in diameter to macroscopic units up to _____.

Answer 3

0.5 um, 10 cm

Question 4

In higher plants, the general range in
diameter is ______.

Answer 4

10-100 um

Question 5

A single leaf on a tree may have more
than ________ cells.

Answer 5

40,000,000

Question 6

Eukaryotic cells that differ in several key respects from the cells of other eukaryotic organisms.

Answer 6

Plant cells

Question 7

________ are the basic unit of life in
organisms of the kingdom Plantae.

Answer 7

Plant cells

Question 8

Plant cells are eukaryotic cells, which have a
true nucleus along with specialized structures called ________ that carry out different functions.

Answer 8

organelles

Question 9

They also have a cell wall that provides ________.

Answer 9

structural support

Question 10

Plant cells have ________, constructed outside
the cell membrane and composed of cellulose,
hemicellulose and pectin.

Answer 10

cell walls

Question 11

Plant cells contain ________, a
water-filled volume enclosed by a membrane
known as the tonoplast.

Answer 11

large central vacuole

Question 12

Plant cells contain a specialized cell-to-cell
communication pathways known as
________.

Answer 12

plasmodesmata

Question 13

Plant cells contain ________, e.g. chloroplasts,
amyloplasts, chromoplasts, mitochondria.

Answer 13

plastids

Question 14

Types of Plant Cells

Answer 14

• Parenchyma cells
• Collenchyma cells
• Sclerenchyma cells

Question 15

Living cells that functions for storage and support to photosynthesis and phloem loading. Have thin, permeable primary walls enabling the transport of small molecules; involved in metabolic reactions; mainly present inthe soft areas of the stems, leaves, root, flowers, fruits, etc.

Answer 15

Parenchyma cells

Question 16

Alive at maturity and have thickened cellulosic cell walls; elongate; rich in pectins.

Answer 16

Collenchyma cells

Question 17

‘________’ derived from the Greek word “kól-la”, meaning “glue”, which refers to the thick, glistening appearance of the walls in fresh tissues.

Answer 17

Collenchyma

Question 18

Provide structural support, particularly in growing shoots and leaves (e.g. resilient strands in stalks of celery).

Answer 18

Collenchyma cells

Question 19

Types of Collenchyma cells

Answer 19

• Angular collenchyma
• Tangential collenchyma
• Lacunar collenchyma

Question 20

________ collenchyma cells are thickened at intercellular contact points.

Answer 20

Angular

Question 21

_________ collenchyma cells are arranged into ordered rows and thickened at the tangential face of the cell wall.

Answer 21

Tangential

Question 22

________ collenchyma cells have intercellular space and thickening proximal to the intercellular space.

Answer 22

Lacunar

Question 23

Cells dead at maturity.

Answer 23

Sclerenchyma cells

Question 24

Thick, secondary, lignified cell walls.

Answer 24

Sclerenchyma cells

Question 25

Types of Sclerenchyma cells

Answer 25

* Fibers * Schlereids

Question 26

Plant major tissues.

Answer 26

* Ground tissue * Vascular tissue * Dermal tissue

Question 27

For photosynthesis, food storage, regeneration, support and protection (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma)

Answer 27

Ground tissue

Question 28

For transport of water and minerals; for transport of food (xylem and vessel tissues)

Answer 28

Vacular tissue

Question 29

For protection and prevention of water loss (epidermis, peridermis)

Answer 29

Dermal tissue

Question 30

It gives shape and structure to the cell and to the whole plant as well.

Answer 30

cell wall

Question 31

The living part of the cell where organelles are embedded.

Answer 31

Cytoplasm

Question 32

A plastid containing the green pigment called the chlorophyll.

Answer 32

Chloroplast

Question 33

Controls the activities of the cell; the presence of the DNA in the nucleus explains why it is this part of the cell that controls cellular activities.

Answer 33

Nucleus

Question 34

The site of respiration.

Answer 34

Mitochondrion

Question 35

The site of protein synthesis.

Answer 35

Mitochondrion

Question 36

Involved in cell transport

Answer 36

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 37

the cytoplasmic membrane separating the cytoplasm from the cell wall; controls the entry or exit of materials into the cell; sensory transduction, i.e., the sensing and initiation of the cellular response to changing environmental conditions

Answer 37

Plasma membrane

Question 38

involved in the synthesis of new cell walls

Answer 38

Golgi bodies

Question 39

fluid-filled organelles bound by a single membrane called the tonoplast and contain a wide range of inorganic ions and molecules.

Answer 39

Vacuole

Question 40

site of other activities, e.g. peroxisomes and glyoxysomes

Answer 40

Other microbodies

Question 41

usually organic or inorganic substances that are products of metabolism, and include crystals, oil drops, gums, tannins, resins and other compounds that can aid the organism in defense, maintenance of cellular structure, or just substance storage

Answer 41

Ergastic substance