Lecture 2 - Structure Flashcards by Rhian Thomas

What is the name used for peeing

Micturition

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What does the urinary tract consist of

Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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How big are the kidneys

4-5” long
2-3” wide
1” thick

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What protects the kidneys

11-12th ribs

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Where do the blood vessels and the ureter enter

The hilus of the kidneys

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What does the renal capsule do

Maintains the kidneys shape

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What does the adipose capsule do

Protects the kidney from any trauma

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What does the renal fascia do

Holds the kidneys against the back body wall

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What does the kidneys consist of

Cortex
Medulla
Pyramids
Papillae
Columns
Calyces
Pelvises

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What is the kidneys functional unit

Nephron

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How many functional units does the kidney have

1 million

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What does the glomerulus do

Filters the blood and stops protein and blood entering urine

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What part forms urine

Glomerular filtrate

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What does the tubule do

Re absorbs an secretes fluids and electrolytes to adjust urine composition and maintain body fluid homeostasis

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What does a nephron consist of

Corpuscle - fluid is filtered

and a

Tubule - where filtered fluid passes

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What are the 3 functions of the nephron

Glomerular filtration

Re absorption

Tubular secretion

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What does a tubule consist of

PCT

Loop of henle

DCT

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Papillary ducts

DCT

Collecting duct

Put it in order In which they drain into

DCT drain into the collecting ducts.

Collecting ducts drain into papillary ducts

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What does the loop of henle consist of

Descending limb
Think ascending limb
Thick ascending limb

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How many types of nephrons are there

2 types

Cortical nephron
Juxtamedullary nephron

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What is the major difference in the cortical nephrons and the juxtamedullary nephrons

Cortical nephron has a short loop of henle and the juxtamedullary nephron has a long loop of henle

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What is the bowmans capsule

Network of capillaries in the glomerulus

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What artery supplies the kidney

Renal artery

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How much does the artery divide into for each kidney

5 segments

The neurological supply to the kidneys is involved with what

Regulation of Vasomotor tone

Where do sympathetic fibres originate

In the lower splanchnic nerves that travel through the lumbar ganglia to the kidney

Where else are the sympathetic fibres said to originate from

Thoracic area travelling from the kidney via coeliac ganglion

What does stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system do

Enhances sodium respiration

Where do the parasympathetic fibres arose

In 2nd and 4th sacral nerve roots

S2 and S4 what is their function

Bladder emptying | Penile erection

Sympathetic T11-L3 what is the function

Reduces bladder tone and inhibits parasympathetic system

What fibres are linked to the base of the bladder and proximal urethra

Sympathetic fibres

The sympathetic fibres in the bladder what do they do

Facilitate closure of the bladder neck and the urethral sphincter

Where are glomerular capillaries formed between

Between the afferent and efferent arterioles

Efferent arterioles give rise to

Peritubular capillaries

What does the renal corpuscle do

It is the site of plasma filtration

What is the renal corpuscle comprised of

Glomerulus | Bowmans capsule

What 2 things are the kidney made up of

Corpuscle | Tubule

The collecting ducts and papillary ducts drain urine where

To the renal pelvis and ureter

What do the kidneys do

They function to regulate volume and chemical composition of body fluids

How much of nephrons are cortical nephrons

80-85%

Where are the renal corpuscles

Outer cortex an loops of henle

How much nephrons are the juxtamedullary nephrons

15-20%

What is the length and diameter of the ureter

10-12" long | 1-10mm

Where does the ureter extend to

From renal pelvis to bladder

What is the position of the bladder

Pelvic cavity posterior to the pubic symphysis

What is the smooth triangular area of the bladder called

Trigone

Where does the ureter enter in the urinary bladder

Near two posterior points in the triangle

Where does the ureter drain in the urinary bladder

From the anterior point of the triangle

Location of the bladder in females

Anterior to vagina | Inferior to uterus

Location of bladder in males

Anterior to rectum

What is the bladders fluid capacity

700-800mL

Name the 3 layers of the urinary bladder wall

Mucosa Muscularis Adventitia layer of loose connective tissue

How does the body know we need to micturate

Due to stretch receptor signals that travel to the spinal cord and brain when volume exceeds 200-400ml

Where are signals sent if we need a pee

Sent to micturition centre in sacral spinal cord S2 and S3

What fibres cause the bladder to contract

Parasympathetic fibres

What muscles cause the bladder to relax

External and internal sphincter

What part of the brain can cause micturition or delay it

Cerebral cortex