Lecture 2: tissues Flashcards
(62 cards)
What are tissues?
Groups of cells with a common structure and function
What are the four main categories of tissues?
1-Nervous
2-Muscle
3-Epithelial
4-Connective
What do all categories of tissue share?
share the function of movement
Functions of epithelial tissue
Forms boundaries between different environments, protects, secretes, absorbs, filters.
Where can you find epithelial tissues?
Everywhere
1-Lining of hollow organs
2-Covering of skin surface
3- Glandular/secretory tissue
What are the three cell shape and two cell layers of epithelial tissue?
1-squamous
2-cuboidal
3-columnar
1-simple
2-stratified
What are the eight types of epithelial tissue?
1- simple squamous
2-simple cuboidal
3-simple columnar
4-pseudostratified ciliated columnar
5-stratified squamous
6-stratified cuboidal
7-stratified columnar
8-transitional columnar
What are the structure, function, location of simple squamous epithelium?
structure: Single layer of flattened cells (cytoplasm is sparse)
function: rapid diffusion+filtration (exchange) in places where protection is not important
location: kidney glomeruli, lung alveoli, capillaries
What are the structure, function, location of simple cuboidal epithelium?
structure: Single layer of cuboidal cells
function: secretion+ absorption
location: ducts of glands, kidney tubules
What are the structure, function, location of simple columnar epithelium?
structure: Single layer of tall, closely packed cells
functions: secretion of enzymes, mucus (goblet cells) + absorption (microvilli)
location: digestive tract, gallbladder, gland ducts, bronchi, uterine tubes
What are the structure, function, location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?
structure: Single layer of cells that vary in height: often ciliated
function: secretion of mucus (goblet cells); the cilia beat to move the mucus
location: upper respiratory tract, duct glands, tubules in testes
What are the structure, function, location of stratified squamous epithelium?
structure: apical layer is squamous (lower layers are columnar or cuboidal)
function: protect against wear and tear ( area with friction)
location: skin, mouth, esophagus (keratinized cells on skin surface and non-keratinized in moist areas)
What are the structure, function, location of stratified cuboidal or columnar epithelium?
cuboidal structure: two layers of cuboidal cells
columnar structure: surface cells are columnar; underneath, cells vary in size and shape
location: ducts of large glands
ex: sweat glands
function: protection
What are the structure, function, location of transitional epithelium?
structure: multiple layers of cells; cells depend on stretching
function: can stretch+ return to original shape
location: lining urinary system organs
True or False: Stratified layers can absorb ( more than one layer)
False
True or False: Basal cells are actively undergoing mitosis.
True
Functions of connective tissue?
Supports/ gives structure, protects, binds/ glues, acts as a filler, energy storage, transporting sustance
Types of fibers
1-collagenous fibers
2- Elastic fibers
3- Reticular fibers
What is the structure of connective tissue ? ( general)
cells surrounded by ECM ( extracellular matrix)
What are the 6 types of connective tissue? hard to softest
1-Bone (mineralized)
2-Cartilage
3-Dense connective tissue
4- Loose connective tissue (areolar)
5-Adipose tissue
6- Blood (and lymph)
Which type of connective tissue proper contain fibroblasts?
Dense and loose connective tissue
What is the function of Bone (osseous tissue)?
support and protection
What is the composition of ECM in osseous tissue? (2)
hydroxyapatite ( calcium+ phosphorous makes bone hard)
collagen fibers (make bone flexible)
What type of cells are found in bones/ osseous tissue? What does it do? (2)
1- osteoblasts ( make collagen for ECM)
2-osteocytes (maintain bone, sit in cavities called lacunae)
