lecture 20 Flashcards
(12 cards)
1
Q
________ are a set of hypotheses
A
phylogenies
2
Q
polytomy
A
more than three branches from 1 common ancestor
3
Q
monophyly
A
common ancestor and all of its descendants
4
Q
paraphyly
A
common ancestor, but not all of its descendants
5
Q
character states
A
alternative conditions of a character
6
Q
apomorphy
A
a derived trait
7
Q
synapomorphy
A
a trait shared by multiple species and used to help determine a common ancestor
- evidence of a phylogenetic relationship
8
Q
plesiomorphy
A
the original, primitive condition
9
Q
homoplasy
A
independent evolution of a trait OR reversal of a trait
10
Q
occams razor
A
if given multiple options, the simplest option is the best
- parsimony
11
Q
‘ad hoc’ hypothesis
A
when we deduce a trait evolved twice
12
Q
the most parsimonious tree _______
A
has the fewest hypothesized character transformations
