Lecture 20: Neoplasia II Flashcards
(12 cards)
Adaptive vs preneoplastic cell responses
Adaptive: hyperplasia, metaplasia (reversible changes)
Pre-neoplastic: dysplasia (loss of normal cell orientation)
Types of neoplasia
- Benign
- Malignant
- Borderline
Tumor grading
- Grading is based on differentiation aka similarity to parent cell
Benign tumor features
- Well differentiated
- Well circumscribed
- Localized
Mesenchymal: -oma
Epithelial: squamous = papilloma, gland = adenoma
Syndromic complexes
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia e.g. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
- Possible complication of benign tumors
- Others due to location, functional status, complications
Mature teratoma
Benign tumor from germ cells w/ diff. tissue types
Mixed tumor
Benign neoplasm w/ epithelial + mesenchymal elements
Dysplastic tumor progression
- Low vs high grade dysplasia
- Carcinoma in situ (dividing, intact basement)
- Invasive carcinoma (basement broken)
- Metastatic carcinoma
Carcinoma pleomorphism
Cancers have variations in size/shape of nuclei
e.g. tripolar Mercedes-Benz nucleus
Cancer staging
- Based on cancer metastasis/invasiveness; LN/organ involvement
- Mets via lymphovascular invasion
Malignant neoplasia labels
Epithelial: adeno-, squamous cell, urothelial carcinoma
Mesenchymal: sarcoma
TNM criteria
Tumor, Nodes, Metastasis
0 = in situ
I/II = invading, local LN
III = more LNs
IV = mets to other organs