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KIN 313 - Neurointegration of Human Movement > Lecture 21 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

What does galvanic mean?

A
  • Constant Current
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2
Q

What is Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation used for?

A
  • Detect vestibular deficiency
  • Activate vestibular system artificially
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3
Q

What does Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation mean?

A
  • Constant current of vestibular system using electrodes placed over mastoid process
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4
Q

What happens in a healthy individual when you place electrodes over the mastoid processes?

A
  • the current messes with the vestibular system
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5
Q

What is located under the mastoid process?

A
  • Cranial Nerve XIII
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6
Q

What does cathode stimulation do using galvanic vestibular stimulation?

A
  • Increases firing of peripheral vestibular afferents
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7
Q

What does the anode do during galvanic vestibular stimulation?

A
  • Decreases firing of peripheral vestibular afferents
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8
Q

What happens as a result of galvanic vestibular stimulation?

A
  • Distinct sway towards the anode side
  • More pronounced with eyes closed
  • Causes roll of segments relative to each other
  • Ocular torsion with eyes open
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9
Q

What happens when you remove the stimulus of a galvanic vestibular stimulation?

A
  • Returns back to background discharge
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10
Q

What happens when you change the current of the electrical perturbations of a galvanic vestibular stimulation?

A
  • more current: get more modulation
  • creates artificial change to the vestibular firing rate
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11
Q

Why would you use Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation?

A

Test Vestibular System
- Creates temporary/distinct vestibular perturbation
- Magnitude and duration are easily controlled
- GVS results in predictable and well-documented postural response

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12
Q

What do you look for when testing the vestibular system using galvanic vestibular stimulation?

A

If working properly
- Sway toward anode side
- Ocular torsion with eyes open
If not working
- No response

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13
Q

When do we pay more attention to the vestibular system than the visual input?

A
  • When the eyes are closed
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14
Q

What happens if the anode is on the right ear during galvanic vestibular stimulation?

A
  • Sway to the right
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15
Q

What is the roll illusion of galvanic vestibular stimulation?

A
  • Where the somatosensory system thinks the head is
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16
Q

How can Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation effect postural muscles?

A
  • They will turn on when limit is reached to maintain balance
  • Can affect walking, and standing
17
Q

What was Assigned Reading 6 done for?

A

To Identify
- Role of the vestibular system for locomotion
- What do you use it for
- When it is used
- When is it important

18
Q

What was the setup for Assigned Reading 6?

A

Plate with microswitch
- turns on galvanic current when stepped on
- Randomize if anode on left or right ear
- 3 different levels of stimulation

19
Q

What was the three levels of stimulation for Assigned Reading 6?

A

X threshold
- 1
- 2
- 3

20
Q

How was the threshold determined in Assigned Reading 6?

A
  • Slowly increase the current until it causes movement
  • results in their specific threshold
  • Different for everybody
21
Q

How did they assess the subjects in Assigned Reading 6?

A

Cameras in front of subject and over top
- Reflective markers on shoulders and head
- Track how they walk when stim on

22
Q

What did the reflective markers show?

A
  • How the stimulus affects trajectory of walking with eyes closed
23
Q

In Assigned Reading 6, what was the walking pattern with no stimulation?

A
  • “straight line”
  • centre of mass shifts subtly (weaves)
24
Q

In Reading Assignment 6, what was the walking pattern when level 3 stimulus was activated?

A
  • Deviation to left (when anode on left)
  • Deviation to right (when anode on right)
25
Q

In Assigned Reading 6, was there any deviation with level 1 stimulus? What about level 2? What about level 3?

A

Level 1
- Subtle deviation
Level 2
- bigger deviation
Level 3
- slightly more than level 3

26
Q

In Assigned Reading 6, what did the subtle difference between level 2 and level 3 stimulus show?

A
  • Seems to be a threshold for how much you could drive people using GVS
27
Q

In Assigned Reading 6, What happened when the trials were run with Eyes Open?

A
  • Greatly reduced deviation

KIN 313 - Neurointegration of Human Movement (5 decks)

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