Lecture 21

Question 1

How do you tell what way the brain is facing?

Answer 1

Down the bottom is the cerebellum meaning it is the posterior side and the posterior side is more sharp. Or find the c and the front of the c is the front.

Question 2

What is the most anteior lobe?

Answer 2

Frontal lobe

Question 3

What is the most middle lobe/ superior lobe?

Answer 3

Parietal lobe

Question 4

What is the most posterior lobe?

Answer 4

Occipital lobe

Question 5

What is the most inferior lobe?

Answer 5

Temporal lobe

Question 6

What is the sulcus between the parietal lobe and frontal lobe called?

Answer 6

Its called the central sulcus

Question 7

What is the sulcus found between the parietal and occipital lobe?

Answer 7

Pareito-occipital sulcus

Question 8

where is the lateral sulcus found?

Answer 8

It is found in-between the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and temporal lobe.

Question 9

What is in-between the cerebrum and cerebellum

Answer 9

Transverse fissure

Question 10

What is the function of occipital lobe?

Answer 10

Vision (Occ/ open sounds close to eyes)

Question 11

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 11

Somatosensory ( parents are a sensitive topic)

Question 12

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

Answer 12

Memory and hearing (tempory memory and hearing)

Question 13

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 13

Motor control, language, personality. ( first language, up-front personality and front wheel drive= motor control)

Question 14

Describe where the cerebral cortex is

Answer 14

On the most superior anterior side of the brain

Question 15

Where is the corpus callosum?

Answer 15

White matter in the middle of the brain above the diencephalon

Question 16

Where is the diencephalon? and describe it

Answer 16

In the middle of the brain, where the third ventricle. It also has thalamus and hypothalamus.

Question 17

Where is the cerebellum?

Answer 17

It’s the most lateral posterior part of the brain.

Question 18

Where is the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata?

Answer 18

It goes midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata that makes up the brain stem at the base of the brain.

Question 19

Where does the foramen magnum start?

Answer 19

Inferior to medula oblongata

Question 20

What is the cerebral cortex made out of?

Answer 20

Gray matter

Question 21

What are the 3 types of white matter?

Answer 21

Commissural tracts, projection tract, association tracts

Question 22

Where is the deep nuclei and describe it

Answer 22

The deep nuclei is “deep” in the brain which are collections of cell bodies

Question 23

What are the holes in the middle of the brain

Answer 23

They are a pair of lateral ventricles

Question 24

What are commissural tracts? and where is it

Answer 24

Axons going from one side of the brain to the other, nuerons have their cell bodies in the cerebral cortex

Question 25

Describe a projection tract

Answer 25

Cell bodies are in the cerebral cortex, they project their axons down into deeper structures down in the brain.

Question 26

Describe an association tract.

Answer 26

These axons stay on the same side of the brain and they connect different areas of the cerebral cortex. There are two types, short and long distance, so other regions of the brain can help with responses.

Question 27

What is the gyrus in between the central sulcus and frontal lobe called?

Answer 27

Pre-central gyrus

Question 28

What is the gyrus in between the central sulcus and parietal lobe called?

Answer 28

Post-central gyrus

Question 29

Is the pre-central gyrus motor control or somatosensory?

Answer 29

Motor control

Question 30

Is the post-central gyrus motor control or somatosensory?

Answer 30

Somatosensory

Question 31

What is the corticospinal pathway?

Answer 31

It is the two neurons between the brain and the effector

Question 32

Describe the upper motor neuron

Answer 32

1. cell body in primary motor cortex (pre-central gyrus) 2. Axon extends from motor cortex to spinal cord on opposite side 3. Makes synapse on lower motor neuron

Question 33

Describe the lower motor neuron

Answer 33

1. Cell body in ventral horn (grey matter) of spinal cord. 2. Axon extends out of spinal cord (ventral root) into body 3. Makes synapse on skeletal muscle

Question 34

What happens if there is primary motor cortex damage?

Answer 34

Damage to the motor cortex means muscle weakness and paralysis in region of body corresponding to the location of damage

Question 35

What is the difference between pre-central gyrus and post-central gyrus?

Answer 35

Post-central gyrus receives information instead of sending information

Question 36

What is the dorsal/posterior column pathway?

Answer 36

Three neurons between sensory receptor and somatosensory neuron in post-central gyrus

Question 37

Describe neuron #1

Answer 37

Cell body in dorsal root ganglion Peripheral fibre from sensory receptor in skin Central fibre ascends toward brain in dorsal columns makes synapse on neuron #2 in medulla oblongata

Question 38

Describe neuron #2

Answer 38

Cell body in medulla oblongata Axon crosses to opposite side and ascends Makes synapse on neuron #3 in thalamus

Question 39

Describe neuron #3

Answer 39

Cell body in thalamus Axon ascends to somatosensory cortex Makes a synapse on the cell body of somatosensory cortex neuron therefore perception of light touch on foot.

Question 40

What happens is there is primary somatosensory cortex damage?

Answer 40

Cell in somatosensory cortex that receives information from dorsal column pathway dies therefore ascending information has no place to go and no perception of touch in that area of body.