Lecture 21: Anatomy and Physiology III (skeletal system)

Question 1

What is the hydrostatic skeleton?

Answer 1

The fluid in the muscular cavity

Question 2

What is the exoskeleton?

Answer 2

The chiton with waxy coating

Question 3

What is the endoskeleton?

Answer 3

The internal skeleton support structure

Question 4

How many human bones are there?

Answer 4

206

Question 5

What are the bones or structures in the face?

Answer 5

a. 2 zygomatic: cheekbones

b. 2 maxillae: upper jaws

c. 2 inferior nasal conchae: inside nose

d. 2 nasal: bridge of nose

e. 2 palatine: hard palate

f. 2 lacrimal: tear duct

g. 1 vomer: nasal septum

h. 1 mandible: lower jaw

Question 6

What are the bones or structures in the cranium?

Answer 6

a. 1 frontal: forehead

b. 1 occipital: back and bottom

c. 2 temporal: lower side

d. 2 parietal: top and upper side

e. 1 ethmoid: between the nose and eyes

f. 1 sphenoid: in the middle, connect to all other cranial bones

Question 7

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 7

The skull, ribcage, spinal column(80)

Question 8

What are the bones or structures in the ribcage?

Answer 8

a. 1 sternum(breast palate)

b. 7pairs of true ribs: atteched directly to sternum

c. 3 pairs of false ribs: attach indirectly to sternum

d. 2 pairs of floating ribs: does not attach to sternum

Question 9

What are the bones or structures in the vertebral column?

Answer 9

a. 7 cervical: neck

b. 12 thoracic: chest

c. 5 lumbar: lower back

d. 1 sacrum: back of pelvis

e. 1 coccyx: tail bone

Question 10

What is appendicular?

Answer 10

limbs and girdles

Question 11

What are the bones or structures in the pectoral girdle?

Answer 11

a. 2 scapula: shoulder blade

b. 2 clavicle: collar bone

Question 12

What are the bones or structures in the arm?

Answer 12

a. humerus: upper arm

b. radius: lateral

c. ulna: medial

Question 13

What are the bones or structures in the hand?

Answer 13

a. carpals: wrist
- scaphoid
-lunate
-triquetrum
-pisiform
-trapezium
-trapezoid
-capitate
-hamate

b. metacarpals: palm

c. phalanges: 3 per finger and 2 per thumb

Question 14

What are the bones or structures in the 2 coxal?

Answer 14

a. 2 coxal
-ilium(top)
-ischium(bottom)
-pubis(front)

Question 15

What are the bones or structures in the leg?

Answer 15

a. femur

b. tibia or shin

c. fibula(lateral)

d. patella (kneecap)

Question 16

What are the bones or structures in the foot?

Answer 16

a. tarsals: ankle and heel
-talus: ankle
-calcaneus: heel
Arch
-navicular
-cuboid
-3 cuneiform(medial, lateral, intermediate)

-metatarsals(sole)
-phalanges(toes, 3 per toe and 2 per big toe

Question 17

What is sarcolemma?

Answer 17

muscle cell membrane

Question 18

What is sarcoplasm?

Answer 18

muscle cell cytoplasm

Question 19

What is myofibrils?

Answer 19

Protein fibers in muscle cells. They also have myofilaments which are either actin(thin) or myosin(thick)

Question 20

What are sarcomere?

Answer 20

Striations where I bands are light bands with thin actin filaments and are attacked to disc. A bands are dark bands and overlap of actin and myosin. The H zone is just the myosin filaments and are attached to M line

Question 21

What are sarcoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 21

Muscle cell endoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

What are transverse tubules?

Answer 22

Membrane channel into muscle cell