Lecture #22 Review Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is CIPA?
Congenital Insensitivity to Pain (w/ Anhidrosis: not sweating)
Not being able to feel pain or temperature.
Why is CIPA often fatal at early ages?
Kids won’t know that they have gotten a cut or injury and can die from something without showing signs of distress because they don’t feel it
Kids also have to be woken up and rolled over in the night because their body doesn’t recognize that they need to be rolled over
Anhidrosis (not sweating) also makes kids sensitive to overheating
What type of agnosia did Ian Waterman have (general term).
Asomatiognosia - Desrtuction of fibers for certain proprioceptors (loss of knowledge of own limbs and body)
What was unusual
about Ian waterman’s case?
Ian Waterman has such a wide extreme of agnosia: sense of NO part of his body so they had no reference point to help guide his recovery
What was unique about Ian Waterman’s recovery?
Recovered to a moderately normal function bc he was stubborn/determined and taught himself to watch his motions and manually think out every action. Nothing automatic
What is the constellation of symptoms in Balint’s syndrome? Describe each of
these symptoms, be able to recognize vignettes.
- some Bilateral parietal lesions (mostly superior parietal)
- FIXATION: problems fixating on object (not a problem with eye movement)
- SILMULTAGNOSIA: attention limited to one object at a time
-OPTIC ATAXIA: Reaching deficit (optic ataxia- misreach)
Simultagnosia
Attention is limited to one object at a time (not able to look at things simultaneously)
Optic ataxia
Misreach at something in their vision
What are the symptoms of neglect (contralateral, contralesional, unilateral,
hemineglect, hemispatial agnosia, hemispatial inattention all names for the same
phenomenon)?
“Neglecting” the left side of your body and vision (mostly
In denial
Examples
- Applying makeup to only one side of plate
- only eating from one-half of the plate
Anosognosia
Unawareness/ denial of illness (e.g. neglect)
What is normally the lesion location in those with neglect?
Mostly caused by right hemispheric lesions
Is neglect treatable?
Yes (but they are in denial)n physical therapy esc training
What a very large obstacle in the rehabilitation of those with
neglect?
They are in denial of their condition (anosognosia) and don’t believe they need to be fixed bc nothing is wrong
What are the symptoms in Gerstmann syndrome? Know what they entail.
- finger agnosia
- right-left confusion (42% of people)
- Agraphia - inability to write
- Acalculia - inability to do arithmetic equations (bc of counting with fingers
Acalculia
Inability to do arithmetic equations (can be related to finger agnosia bc of counting on fingers)
Agraphia
Inability to write
Where is the lesion in Gerstmann syndrome?
Left parietal lession
What is aphantasia?
Inability to generate mental images (e.g imagine an apple)
How does spatial cognition (mental images) differ between sides of the posterior par
L: generation of images (aphantasia)
R: Perform operations on said mental image (eg flip the apple upside down)
What is apraxia? (see book as well as slide)
Mental disorder of movement: (specifically makes it hard for people to speak/move tongue
- inability to move muscles, abnormal muscle tone, posture, intellectual deterior or tremor.
- Can result posterior parietal lobe damage
What percentage of the neocortex are constituted by the frontal lobes?
20-30%
What does it mean that the frontal lobes are late developing from the evolutionary
point of view?
Last part of the brain to develop evolutionarily (new feature!) we didn’t find it in other animals like us e.g chimps
When are the frontal lobes fully developed?
early 20’s (other individual factors can contribute to a later development
What is the general function of the frontal lobes, be able to explain this to a
random stranger
Generating appropriate behavior based on context (not just social cues, literally any cues, visuals, social, auditory)
