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Year 1: 08. CPR Exam 1 > Lecture 23: Great Vessel Development > Flashcards

Lecture 23: Great Vessel Development Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

Where do aortic arches arise from?

A

Aortic sac

-distal most portion of truncus arteriosus

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2
Q

Where are aortic arches formed?

A

Within the pharyngeal arches by vasculogenesis and angiogenesis

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3
Q

Where do the dorsal aorta fuse?

What direction does it continue in?

A

T4 axial level

-continues caudally

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4
Q

What divides into aorta and pulmonary arteries?

A

Truncus arteriosus

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5
Q

What are intersegmental arteries?

A

Set of arteries arising from the embryonic dorsal aorta

-each artery providing blood supply to one somite and its derivatives

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6
Q

Cervical intersegmental arteries are united by longitudinal anastomoses and give rise to what artery?

A

Vertebral artery

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7
Q

The 7th cervical intersegmental artery on both sides give rise to what artery?

A

Subclavian Artery

  • left side: all of it
  • right side: part of it
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8
Q

What do the anastomoses between thoracic intersegmental arteries give rise to?

A

Internal Thoracic Artery

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9
Q

What do the thoracic intersegmental arteries themselves give rise to?

A

Anterior and Posterior intercostal arteries

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10
Q

What does the 5th lumbar intersegmental artery give rise to?

A

Common Iliac Artery

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11
Q

What does the 3rd aortic arch give rise to?

A

Common Carotid: both external and internal

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12
Q

What does the left 4th aortic arch give rise to?

A

Forms part of aortic arch

-connected to left ventricle via spiral septum of outflow tract

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13
Q

What does the right 4th aortic arch give rise to?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk and part of right subclavian artery

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14
Q

What does the 6th aortic arch give rise to?

A

Pulmonary arteries

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15
Q

Why do the right and left recurrentl laryngeal nerves differ?

A

Right aortic arch VI loses connection with dorsal aorta and its recurrent laryngeal nerve is hooked around future right subclavian artery

Left aortic arch VI has ductus arteriosus that becomes ligamentum arteriosum, which hooks left recurrent laryngeal

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16
Q

After birth, the distal end of umbilical arteries is obliterated and becomes what?

A

Medial umbilical ligaments

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17
Q

What branches of the umbilical artery and supplies the superior portion of the bladder?

A

Superior vesicular arteries

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18
Q

How does oxygen rich blood bypass most of the liver and enter inferior vena cava and right ventricle?

A

via ductus venosus

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19
Q

What does the ductus venosus eventually become?

A

Ligamentum venosum

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20
Q

How does blood shift from right atria to left atria?

A

via foramen ovale

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21
Q

How does blood from pulmonary trunk enter descending aorta?

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A

via ductus arteriosus

22
Q

What does the ductus arteriosus become?

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A

Ligamentum arteriosum

23
Q

What keeps ductus arteriosus open?

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A

Prostaglandins

Certain oxygen levels

24
Q

What are some consequences of patent ductus arteriosus?

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A

Left ventricular hypertrophy

  • pulmonary congestion
  • congestive heart failure
25
What can cause an increase risk of patent ductus arteriosus?
Maternal rubella infection
26
What is coarctation?
Narrowing of the aorta
27
What syndrome is coarctation associated with?
Turner Syndrome
28
How can circulation be compensated with in a postductal coarctation?
Collateral circulation is established through intercostal (intersegmental) arteries and internal thoracic arteries
29
Why is preductal coarctation dangerous?
- Collaterals usually not well developed | - After birth, little or no blood gets to lower body and legs unless ductus arteriosus remains open
30
How does an aberrant origin of right subclavian artery form?
Right 4th aortic arch is eliminated, meaning the right dorsal aorta must cross esophagus to reach right upper limb
31
Describe a double aortic arch.
Aorta wraps around trachea and esophagus can cause strangulation -abnormal formation called a vascular ring
32
Describe a right aortic arch.
Left 4th aortic arch and dorsal aorta disappears and replaced by structures on the right -dysphagia and dyspnea are common symptoms
33
Describe an interrupted aortic arch.
Left 4th aortic arch disappears - ductus arteriosus remains and lower parts of body are supplied with poor oxygen content - aortic trunk supplies two common carotid arteries
34
With what syndrome is an interrupted aortic arch associated with?
DiGeorge Syndrome
35
What does the vitelline system do?
Carries blood from yolk sac to sinus venosus
36
What does the umbilical system do?
Carries oxygen rich blood from placenta
37
What does the cardinal system do?
Drain the body of embryo
38
Describe what happens to vitelline veins?
1. Initially empty into sinus horns 2. Surrounded by liver primordia 3. Vitelline veins form vascular plexus (hepatic sinusoids) 4. Blood flow channeled twd right side of liver 5. Proximal portion of right vitelline vein --> IVC
39
Right vitelline vein forms the right _____ ____ that eventually forms the terminal part of the inferior vena cava
hepatocardiac channel
40
Inferior parts of vitelline veins help contribute to form what veins?
Portal vein Superior and inferior mesenteric vein Splenic vein
41
Which umbilical vein carries placental blood to liver?
Left
42
What is the ductus venosus?
Direct communication between left umbilical vein and right hepatocardiac channel that allows most of the blood to bypass the sinusoidal plexus of liver
43
What does the umbilical vein eventually become?
Ligamentum teres
44
The anterior and posterior cardinal veins form what
Common cardinal vein before entering the sinus horn
45
The anterior cardinal veins drain what?
Most of the blood from the head and neck into cardinal veins on right side
46
An anastomosis between right and left anterior cardinal vein forms what?
Left brachiocephalic vein
47
Right common cardinal vein forms what?
SVC
48
If there is abnormal anterior cardinal vein development, the SVC might drain where instead of the right atria?
Coronary sinus
49
Posterior cardinal veins connect which two parallel set of veins?
Subcardinal | Supracardinal
50
What do subcardinal veins contribute to?
Veins of kidneys and gonads | Abdominal IVC
51
What do supracardinal veins contribute to?
IVC Azygous system Veins draining body wall

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