Lecture 23 Pt 1 5/1/25 (Cats)

Question 1

What is anterior uveitis?

Answer 1

inflammation of iris and ciliary body

Question 2

What are the clinical signs of anterior uveitis in cats?

Answer 2

-flare
-miosis
-hyperemia
-fibrin
-nodules in iris
-rubiosis iridis
-keratic precipitates

Question 3

What is the association between systemic dz and anterior uveitis in cats?

Answer 3

-systemic disease is seen in 30 to 60% of cats with anterior uveitis
-must do systemic work up/diagnostics to identify or rule out systemic dz involvement

Question 4

What are the possible etiologies of anterior uveitis in cats?

Answer 4

*systemic dz
-toxo
-FIP
-fungal infection
-FeLV/FIV
-bartonella
*intraocular neoplasia
*idiopathic
*lens-induced possible but uncommon

Question 5

How is anterior uveitis diagnosed?

Answer 5

-clinical signs
-physical exam/eval. for systemic illness
-CBC
-chemistry
-FeLV/FIV testing
-toxo titer
-histoplasma urine antigen
-cryptococcus latex agglutination test
-bartonella PCR or IFA

Question 6

Which etiologies are more likely if a cat has posterior uveitis in addition to anterior uveitis?

Answer 6

-FIP
-toxo
-histo
-crypto

Question 7

What is the treatment for anterior uveitis?

Answer 7

-treat underlying disorder
-topical steroids
-topical NSAIDs
-atropine
-oral steroids if idiopathic in cause

Question 8

What is the prognosis for anterior uveitis?

Answer 8

-tends to recur, especially if idiopathic
-high incidence of secondary glaucoma and lens subluxation/luxation

Question 9

What are the clinical signs of squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 9

-seen in older white cats
-pinkish mass that is often ulcerated
-seen on eyelids, 3rd eyelid, conjunctiva, or cornea

Question 10

What are the treatment options for SCC?

Answer 10

-surgical resection
-brachytherapy/intralesional radiation
-cryotherapy
-photodynamic therapy

Question 11

What is the most common intraocular tumor in cats?

Answer 11

anterior uveal melanoma

Question 12

What are the characteristics of the diffuse form of anterior uveal melanoma?

Answer 12

-most common in cats
-cat typically presents for hyperpigmentation of iris
-known as feline diffuse iris melanoma

Question 13

What are the charactersitics of the nodular form of anterior uveal melanoma?

Answer 13

-discrete black nodule
-not common in cats

Question 14

What is the theory behind whether anterior uveal melanoma is benign or malignant?

Answer 14

-thought to be melanosis/benign when melanocytes are only present along anterior surface of iris
-thought to become malignant when it extends into iris body/stroma
-considered extensive if extending into sclera and beyond

Question 15

What are the characteristics of anterior uveal melanoma metastatic potential?

Answer 15

-considered high
-spreads to regional lymph nodes, lung, liver, and other viscera
-can see long delays between ocular tumor diagnosis and metastatic dz

Question 16

What is a common sequela of anterior uveal melanoma?

Answer 16

secondary glaucoma

Question 17

How is anterior uveal melanoma diagnosed?

Answer 17

-tentatively diagnosed on physical appearance
-definitively diagnosed based on histopath. following enucleation

Question 18

What are the treatment options for anterior uveal melanoma?

Answer 18

*monitor progression and enucleate if:
-dyscoria
-changes in iris texture
-free pigment cells in anterior chamber
-uveitis
-rapid change/spread of pigment
-changes in IOP

*monitor and enucleate if secondary glaucoma or ocular pain
-may have higher risk of metastasis with this option

*laser treatment possible

Question 19

What are the clinical signs of lymphosarcoma of the iris?

Answer 19

-uveitis
-secondary glaucoma
-tan-pink mass in anterior chamber

Question 20

What is the etiology of LSA of the iris?

Answer 20

-most often secondary to systemic/multicentric lymphoma
-can be primary neoplasia

Question 21

How is LSA of the iris diagnosed?

Answer 21

-aqueocentesis
-aspiration of mass at limbus or aspiration of other cancerous tissue
-clinical appearance

Question 22

What is the treatment for LSA of the iris?

Answer 22

-stage/search for cancer at other sites
-enucleation for primary LSA
-chemo for secondary LSA

Question 23

What are the characteristics of feline post-traumatic ocular sarcoma?

Answer 23

-intraocular sarcoma
-arises diffusely within globe following traumatic insult
-potential to occur following chronic anterior uveitis

Question 24

What are the clinical signs and history of feline post-traumatic ocular sarcoma?

Answer 24

-history of trauma
-change in color to the eye
-no discrete mass; tumor grows circumferentially
-cannot see into eye due to glaucoma, phthisis, or chronic inflammation

Question 25

How is feline post-traumatic ocular sarcoma diagnosed?

Answer 25

histopath. on enucleated globe

Question 26

Which cells produce feline post-traumatic ocular sarcoma?

Answer 26

lens epithelial cells

Question 27

What is the treatment and prognosis for feline post-traumatic ocular sarcoma?

Answer 27

-enucleation; tumor is aggressive -good prognosis with early enucleation -grave prognosis if tumor ends up at optic nerve or outside sclera -should enucleate all blind eyes with history of trauma to prevent tumor