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SAMS 1 > Lecture 24: Nasal disease > Flashcards

Lecture 24: Nasal disease Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of brachycephalics airway syndrome

A
  1. Stenotic nares
  2. Elongated soft palate
  3. Everted laryngeal saccules
  4. Hypoplastic trachea
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2
Q

what should you do for brachycephalic airway crisis

A
  1. Oxygen support
  2. Sedation (butorphanol)
  3. Anti-inflammatories (steroids)
  4. Intubation for severe crisis
  5. Sx if can’t stabilize
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3
Q

If there is epistaxis what other things should you do/look for

A
  1. Blood pressure
  2. Coagulopathy (panel and BMBT)
  3. Severe hypertension
  4. Hyperviscosity syndrome
  5. Vasculitis
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4
Q

primary coagulopathy disorders are due to __ disorders

A

platelets

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5
Q

secondary coagulopathy disorders are due to __ disorders

A

coagulation factor disorder

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6
Q

t or f: nasal rads are good

A

false

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7
Q

when performing blind biopsy of nasal cavity do not go beyond __ will hit cribiform plate and/or brain

A

medial canthus

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8
Q

t or f: nasal cultures of discharge are helpful

A

false- not sterile

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9
Q

t or f: nasal tissue cultures are helpful

A

true

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10
Q

what is the most common cause of nasal disease in dogs

A

nasal neoplasia

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11
Q

what is most common nasal neoplasia in dogs

A

adenocarcinoma

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12
Q

what are some signs of nasal neoplasia

A
  1. Sneezing, epistaxis, nasal discharge, stertor
  2. Weight loss
  3. LACK OF AIRFLOW
  4. Facial deformity
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13
Q

how do you dx nasal neoplasia

A
  1. Cytology
  2. CT +/- contrast
  3. Rhinoscopy
  4. Histopath
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14
Q

what is tx for nasal neoplasia

A
  1. Radiation therapy= stereotactic best choice
  2. Palliative care: NSAIDS (piroxicam)
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15
Q

what is the most common cause of fungal nasal disease in dogs

A

sinonasal aspergillosis (A. Fumigates)

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16
Q

what dog breeds get sinonasal aspergillosis

A

dilichocephalic and mesocephalic dogs

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17
Q

what are some signs of sinonasal aspergillosis

A
  1. Severe purulent discharge, epistaxis
  2. Depigmentation of nasal planum
  3. Increased airflow
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18
Q

how do you dx sinonasal aspergillosis

A
  1. CT- lysis without soft tissue mass
  2. Rhinoscopy
  3. Histopath, serology, culture
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19
Q

what is topical sinonasal aspergillosis tx

A

clotrimazole infused into nasal cavities or sinuses

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20
Q

what is contraindication for performing clotrimazole infusion for sinonasal aspergillosis

A

cribiform plate lysis

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21
Q

ensure that clotrimazole uses __ and not __, as it is extremely caustic and irritating to mucosa and can cause severe pharyngeal swelling

Study These Flashcards
A

polyethylene glycol not propylene glycol

22
Q

what is prognosis for sinonasal aspergillosis with systemic antigungals and topical clotrimazole

Study These Flashcards
A

70% systemic antifungals
90% clotrimazole

23
Q

what dog breed is more susceptible to lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis

24
Q

what are some signs of lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis

Study These Flashcards
A

sneezing, reverse sneezing, nasal discharge, normal airflow

25
What histopath findings are consistent with lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis
lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates
26
what is tx for lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis
1. Steroids 2. Abx: doxycycline or azithromycin
27
what nasal worm is common in dogs And what is tx
eucoleus Boehmi Tx: fenbendazole
28
what nasal mite lives in nasal and paranasal sinuses and often causes reverse sneezing or sneezing and what is tx
pneumocyssoides caninum Tx: ivermectin or milbemycin
29
what is tx for nasal FB
rhinoscopic removal or aggressive nasal hydropulsion
30
what is xeromycteria/neurogenic KCS known as
dry nose syndrome
31
what is cause of xeromycteria/ neurogenic KCS
loss of PNS stimulation from CN VII of serous secretions from lateral nasal gland
32
what is most common cause of feline nasal disease
neoplasia
33
what are most common nasal neoplasia in cats
1. Lymphoma 2. Carcinoma
34
What is tx for lymphoma and carcinoma
1. Lymphoma: RT or CHOP 2. Carcinoma: RT
35
What is pathogenesis of chronic rhino sinusitis
1. Suspected that primary viral infection, FHV-1 damages mucosal epithelium and turbinates 2. Predisposing to recurrent bouts of bacterial rhinitis
36
what are some signs of chronic rhinosinusitis
recurrent bouts of nasal discharge, sneezing, stertor
37
how do you dx chronic rhinosinusitis
1. PCR panel: FHV-1, calicivirus, Bordetella, C. Felis, mycoplasma 2. Nasal d/c cytology 3. CT 4. Histopath 5. Tissue culture
38
what Is tx for chronic rhinosinusitis
1. Abx 2. Nasal flush 3. Anti-virals 4. Anti-inflammatory ens
39
where do nasopharyngeal polyps originate
Eustachian tube
40
Young or old cats get nasopharyngeal polyps
young
41
what are some signs of nasopharyngeal polyps
stertorous breathing, nasal discharge, dysphagia, gagging, intermittent upper airway obstruction, bilateral or unilateral loss of airflow
42
how do you dx nasopharyngeal polyps
1. Visual exam under ax 2. Endoscopy
43
what is tx for nasopharyngeal polyps
remove via manual traction
44
what are some clinucal signs of cryptococcosis
sneezing, nasal discharge, facial distortion, CNS signs, firm swelling of bridge of nose, chorioretinitis
45
how do you dx cryptococcus
ID fungal organism via cytology, histopath, serology, CT scan
46
Cat presents for facial swelling, sneezing. Eye looks like this what cause
cryptococcus
47
what is tx for cryptococcus
1. Fluconazole until 3 months after serology negative
48
cats with aspergillosis can develop __ or __
sinonasal aspergillosis or orbital aspergillosis
49
what cats are overrepresented fir aspergillosis
brachycephalic cats
50
what are some signs of feline aspergillosis
sneezing, stertor, serous to mucopurulent nasal d/c SOA: exophthalmos
51
what is tx for SNA in cats
clotrimazole infusions with systemic antifungals
52
what is tx for SOA in cats
systemic antifungals, surgical debunking (poor prognosis

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