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SAMS 1 > Lecture 21: Airway Disease Part 1: trachea > Flashcards

Lecture 21: Airway Disease Part 1: trachea Flashcards

1
Q

What breeds and age is tracheal collapse most common in

A

middle aged small Toy breed dogs- Yorkers and poms

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2
Q

are signs of tracheal collapse acute or chronic and progressive

A

chronic and progressive

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3
Q

What is cause of tracheal collapse

A

tracheal chondromalacia and laxity of dorsal tracheal membrane, ring malformation

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4
Q

a paroxysmal goose honking indicates tracheal collapse where in trachea

A

cervical trachea

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5
Q

Tracheal collapse episodes/signs trigged by __

A

excitement, eating/drinking

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6
Q

identify 1-3 parts of trachea

A
  1. Cervical trachea
  2. Thoracic inlet
  3. Intrathoracic trachea
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7
Q

if you see tracheal malformation where will a substantial amount of tracheal collapse occur

A

thoracic inlet

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8
Q

identify what wrong in A and B

A

A: traditional tracheal collapse in multiple parts of trachea

B: malformation: narrowing at thoracic inlet

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9
Q

scope -of trachea identity what wrong in each picture

A

Left: traditional tracheal collapse

Right: malformation: W shaped

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10
Q

if patient has cervical trachea collapse then trachea will collapse during what phase of respiration

A

inspiration

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11
Q

if patient has intrathoracic tracheal collapse then the trachea will collapse during what phase of respiration

A

expiratory

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12
Q

when taking rads if suspect cervical tracheal collapse take rad during __phase, if intrathroacic tracheal collapse take rad during __

A

inspiration, expiration

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13
Q

What phase of inspiration does thoracic inlet collapse of trachea occur

A

can be either inspiration or expiration

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14
Q

It is important when evaluating tracheal collapse on rads to not get fooled by __

A

sagging tracheal membrane

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15
Q

what wrong

A

sagging tracheal membrane

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16
Q

rad taken during inspiration what wrong

A

cervical tracheal collapse/extra thoracic

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17
Q

what is indicative in A and B

A during inspiration
B during expiration

A

A: no tracheal collapse
B: tracheal collapse across thoracic inlet

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18
Q

__ is more sensitive and specific dx test than radiography for identify tracheal collapse

A

fluoroscopy

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19
Q

what is gold standard in dx tracheal collapse

A

tracheobronchoscopy

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20
Q

what is grade 1-4 tracheal collapse

A

grade 1: 25%
Grade 2: 26-50%
Grade 3: 51-75%
Grade 4: 76-100%

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21
Q

grade tracheal collapse

A

Grade 4: 76-100%

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22
Q

grade tracheal collapse

A

normal trachea

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23
Q

grade tracheal collapse

A

grade 3: 50-75%

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24
Q

grade tracheal collapse

A

Grade 1: 25%

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25
grade tracheal collapse
grade 2: 26-50%
26
what is tx for tracheal collapse
1. Lifestyle medication- weight loss, no neck collars, avoid irritants and excitement 2. Cough suppressants: hydrocodone, butorphanol 3. +/- anxiolytics, glucocorticoids, abx, theophylline 4. Stents- only after failed medical management or resp distress
27
tracheal stent procedure associated with __% mortality
10%
28
what are some complications of tracheal stent placements
pneumonia, stent fracture, tissue in growth, progressive tracheal collapse
29
in addition to tracheal stents what medications do dogs need
cough suppressants, sedatives, steroids, abx
30
what is MST for tracheal collapse
3-7 years
31
45-85% of dogs with tracheal collapse will also have __
bronchomalacia
32
does CIRDC cause acute or chronic coughing and sneezing
acute <10 days
33
what are some signs of CIRDC
Coughing, sneezing, projectile phlegm, nasal and ocular discharge
34
dogs with CIRDC are very sensitive to __ on PE
palpating trachea
35
what history would be supportive of CIRDC
recent adoption, boarding, groomer, visiting dogs, dog park, doggy day care
36
t or f: CIRDC associated pneumonia is common
false
37
who gets CIRDC associated pneumonia
puppies <1yr, immunosuppression, concurrent disease
38
what are some signs of CIRDC pneumonia
dyspnea, weight loss, fever, death
39
what is heard on auscultation with CIRDC pneumonia
harsh sounds, crackles, wheezes
40
what pathogens are associated with CIRDC
1. Parainfluenza 2. Adenovirus 3. Bordetella bronchiseptica 4. Canine influenza 5. Distemper 6. Mycoplasma cynos
41
Dx CIRDC is usually based on __
clinical signs, history and PE
42
what is typically energy, appetite and other signs for CIRDC dx
energy and appetite normal, fever (can have decreased appetite), lethargy, secondary bacterial infection or pneumonia
43
when do you want to test for pathogens associated with CIRDC
1. Outbreak setting 2. Rapidly progressive signs 3. Lasts >14 days
44
what tests are used for CIRDC dx
1. PCR 2. Airway wash- cytology, culture, PCR especially if suspect pneumonia
45
if worried for CIRDC due to signs of secondary bacterial infection, pneumonia, decreased appetite, fever, lethargy what is next step
take thoracic radiographs
46
What 3 sites do you want to obtain PCR swabs from in dx CIRDC
nasal cavity, oropharynx, conjunctiva
47
t or f: + PCR results from swabs showing pathogens associated with CIRDC always= infection
false- can be normal
48
t or f: pathogens involved in CIRDC isolated from airway washes is always abnormal
true
49
t or F: majority of CIRDC cases are viral and self limiting
true
50
Most dogs with CIRDC spontaneously resolve within __days
7-14 days
51
what are some tx for uncomplicated CIRDC
1. Airway humidification 2. +/- cough suppressants 3. Quarantine 4. Time
52
what is tx for complicated CIRDC with no pneumonia
1. Airway humidification 2. +/- Cough suppressants 3. Quarantine 4. Time 5. Doxycycline
53
you can tx CIRDC with doxycycline as long as __ isn’t present
pneumonia
54
if you suspect bacterial CIRDC and patient has mucopurulent discharge along with fever, lethargy and inappetence you need to rule out __
pneumonia
55
what are the 2 most common bacterial causes of CIRDC and what abx is good for them
mycoplasma Bordetella Tx: doxycycline
56
do intra or extraluminal compressions typically cause acute or chronic respiratory signs
chronic
57
what are some causes of intra or extraluminal compressions causing respiratory signs
1. Enlarged LA/MVD 2. Neoplasia 3. Peri-hilar/ tracheobronchial LN 4. Abscess or granuloma 5. Foreign material
58
what are some signs of intra or extraluminal compression of intra-thoracic trachea
wheezing, cough, terminal retch, increase difficulty on expiration
59
what are some signs of microaspiration
1. Chronic 2. Voice change, reluctance to bark 3. Exaggerated swallowing 4. Stridor 5. Vomiting or regurgitation
60
what is tx for microaspiration
1. Low fat food 2. Smaller frequent meals 3. Hydrocodone 4. +/- cisapride

SAMS 1 (22 decks)

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