Lecture 25: Glycolysis

Question 1

aerobic cellular respiration is a ___ pathway that breaks down __ into __

Answer 1

catabolic; glucose; ATP

Question 2

what are the 2 roles of glycolysis?

Answer 2

1. degrades glucose to ATP

2. provides building blocks for making biomolecules

Question 3

in glycolysis, __ is converted to __ which makes __ ATP

Answer 3

1glucose; 2pyruvate; 2

Question 4

which stage of glycolysis uses 2 ATP? Why?

Answer 4

the first. To cleave the sugar

Question 5

the net products of 1 glucose in glycolysis

Answer 5

2 ATP and 2NADH

Question 6

how are the enzymes regulated in glycolysis?

Answer 6

allosteric control

Question 7

what is the first reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme class is used?

Answer 7

glucose phosphorylated by ATP; transferase

Question 8

what is the purpose of phosphorylating glucose?

Answer 8

prevents its escape from the cell and increases reactivity

Question 9

enzymes that transfer a phosphate are often called __

Answer 9

kinases

Question 10

what is the second reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme class is used?

Answer 10

isomerization of G-6P to F-6P

Question 11

by turning G-6P to F6P, what is achieved?

Answer 11

produces carbon available for phosphorylation and fructose is better at cleaving

Question 12

what is the third reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme class is used?

Answer 12

phosphorylation of F-6P by ATP; transferase

Question 13

what is the fourth reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme class is used?

Answer 13

F-1,6-BP is split into the isomers DHAP and GAP; lyase

Question 14

t/f GAP is on the direct pathway of glycolysis, but DHAP is not

Answer 14

true

Question 15

what is the fifth reaction in glycolysis? what type of enzyme is used?

Answer 15

DHAP is isomerized to GAP; isomerize

Question 16

what is the sixth reaction in glycolysis? what class of enzyme is used?

Answer 16

GAP oxidized to 1,3-BPG; Oxidation-Reduction reaction

Question 17

where does the phosphate come from in the Gap oxidation reaction?

Answer 17

inorganic phosphate

Question 18

1,3-BPG has a high ___ potential

Answer 18

phosphoryl transfer

Question 19

what is the 7th reaction in glycolysis? what type of enzyme is used?

Answer 19

1,3-BPG donates a phosphate to ADP to make ATP; transferase

Question 20

the formation of ATP by transferase reaction is called ___

Answer 20

substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 21

what is the criteria for the phosphate donor in substrate level phosphorylation?

Answer 21

higher phosphoryl transfer potential than ATP

Question 22

what is the 8th reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme is used?

Answer 22

glycerate-3-P is converted to glycerate-2-P; isomerase

Question 23

what is the 9th reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme is used?

Answer 23

glycerate-2-P is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate (stronger P donor) ; lyase

Question 24

what is the 10th reaction in glycolysis? what enzyme is used?

Answer 24

PEP gives P to ADP to make ATP and pyruvate; transferase

Question 25

what is the fate of pyruvate if it enters the Krebs cycle?

Answer 25

enter the citric acid cycle and be oxidized to CO2 and its electrons given to NAD+ to make NADH

Question 26

what enters the E- transport chain?

Answer 26

NADH

Question 27

what type of reaction occurs in the E- transport chain

Answer 27

oxidative phosphorylation

Question 28

the fate of pyruvate depends on the ___ of the cell

Answer 28

oxidation status

Question 29

what are the 3 fates of pyruvate?

Answer 29

1. ethanol 2. lactate 3. CO2 and H2O

Question 30

what process turns pyruvate into ethanol?

Answer 30

alcoholic fermentation

Question 31

what process turns pyruvate into lactate?

Answer 31

lactic acid fermentation

Question 32

the 3 major energy acquisition lifestyles can be described in terms of the ___ from organic fuel

Answer 32

fate of electrons

Question 33

what are the 3 major energy acquisition lifestyles?

Answer 33

1. aerobic respiration 2. anaerobic respiration 3. fermentation

Question 34

what is the terminal E- acceptor in aerobic respiration

Answer 34

O2

Question 35

what is the electron donor in aerobic respiration?

Answer 35

glucose

Question 36

what is the electron donor in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 36

glucose

Question 37

what is the terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?

Answer 37

non-O2 (nitrate / sulphate)

Question 38

what is the electron donor in fermentation?

Answer 38

glucose

Question 39

what is the terminal E- acceptor in fermentation?

Answer 39

pyruvate