Translation Flashcards
(41 cards)
in translation, a sequence of ___ is translated into a sequence of __
nucleotides; amino acids
the genetic code gives the relation between __ and __
sequence of bases in DNA and of amino acids in proteins
T/F the genetic code is nearly universal
true
the genetic code is read from the _ to __ end of the mRNA
5’-3’
an amino acid is coded by a group of 3 bases called a __
codon
T/F there is only one codon for each amino acid
false
what is protein synthesis?
formation of peptide bonds between amino acids in a specific sequence
what are ribosomes made of?
rRNA and protein
a ribosome can be called a ___
ribonucleoprotein
what part of a ribosome catalyzes the peptide bond formation?
rRNA
function of small ribosomal subunit
binds mRNA
function of large ribosomal subunit
binds tRNA and amino acids
ribosomes are typically identified by their Svedberg coefficient (s) which is __
rate at which particle moves during centrifugation
what three factors influence the Svedber coefficient?
particle mass, density and shape
rRNA molecules are ___ stranded
single
how do rRNA molecules achieve their complex secondary /teriary structures to be able to function?
base pair
a ribosome has 3 slots for tRNA which are ___
A site, P site, E site
amino acids are delivered to the ribosome by__molecules
tRNA
tRNA serves as the adapter molecule between the ___ and its specific ___
codon; amino acid
tRNAs are usually between ___ and ___ nucleotides long
70-90
all tRNA molecules include what two things?
a CCA amino acid attachment site at the 3’ end
an anticodon
what is an anticodon?
3 nucleotides that are complementary to the codon on mRNA
the proper amino acid is also called the __
cognate amino acid
what dictates the proper amino acid?
anticodon loop base pairing with the codon
