Lecture 25 - RBC Interpretation 2

Question 1

increased total protein indicates

Answer 1

hemolysis

Question 2

decreased total protein indicates

Answer 2

hemorrhage

Question 3

acute hemorrhage characteristics

Answer 3

severity not apparent until fluid volume is replaced
PP diluted

Question 4

chronic hemorrhage characteristics

Answer 4

mild or no anemia
prolonged = iron deficiency
sometimes low PP

Question 5

what are the causes of chronic hemorrhage

Answer 5

1. parasitism
2. GI ulcers
3. neoplasm
4. hematuria
5. coagulopathies
6. frequent phlebotomy

Question 6

external hemorrhage

Answer 6

loss to outside
trauma, coagulopathy, ectoparasites

Question 7

internal hemorrhage

Answer 7

RBCs and proteins are broken down

Question 8

extravascular hemolysis

Answer 8

RBCs phagocytized by macrophages
most common

Question 9

intravascular hemolysis

Answer 9

RBCs lyse with vasculature

Question 10

What is the rate-limiting step in bilirubin formation

Answer 10

conjugated bilirubin in the liver transported to the gall bladder

Question 11

IMHA

Answer 11

antibodies attack RBC antigens (type II)

Question 12

what are the two most common causes of canine hemolytic anemia

Answer 12

1. breed disposition
2. age

Question 13

what is primary IMHA

Answer 13

idiopathic

Question 14

what is secondary IMHA

Answer 14

infection-, neoplasia-, drug-, vaccine- mediated

Question 15

what species typically has primary IMHA? what about secondary IMHA?

Answer 15

cats; horses

Question 16

neonatal isoerythrocytosis

Answer 16

mare-foal incompatibility due to the stallion’s blood type and mare producing antibodies against the foal’s blood

Question 17

what would be seen in lab work to help diagnose IMHA

Answer 17

spherocytes
agglutination
hyperbilirubinemia
bilirubinuria
inflammatory leukogram

Question 18

Coombs test positive is indicated by

Answer 18

agglutination

Question 19

what does Coombs test detect

Answer 19

antibodies/complement on RBCs

Question 20

morphology of oxidated membrane proteins

Answer 20

eccentrocytes
pyknocytes

Question 21

morphology of hemoglobin denaturation

Answer 21

heinz bodies

Question 22

What are the causes of oxidative hemolytic anemia

Answer 22

1. Plants - allium or red maple toxicity
2. Acetaminophen toxicity
3. Metals - zinc or copper
4. crude oil

Question 23

increased, small Heinz bodies in cats are indicative of

Answer 23

diabetes, lymphoma, and hyperthyroidism

Question 24

_____, _____ heinz bodies indicate oxidative damage

Answer 24

many; large

Question 25

decreased ATP influences RBCs how

Answer 25

decrease lifespan and hemolysis

Question 26

what two enzyme deficiencies are hereditary and impact RBCs

Answer 26

pyruvate kinase phosphofructokinase

Question 27

what acquired metabolic disorder is a cause of Intravascular hemolytic anemia

Answer 27

hypophosphatemia

Question 28

T/F: hypophosphatemia is mediated by vitamin D

Answer 28

FALSE - insulin

Question 29

examples of RBC parasites

Answer 29

mycoplasma anaplasma (babesia + cytauxzoon)

Question 30

what two commonly vaccinated against microorganisms can cause intravascular hemolysis

Answer 30

clostridium and leptospira

Question 31

Caval syndrome is connected to

Answer 31

severe heartworm disease

Question 32

Characterize this Persian cat blood work: RBC 1.95 (5 - 11) Hgb 2.9 (8 -15) Hct 9.2 (25 - 45) MCHC 29 (30 - 36) RDW 22.4 (13 - 17) PLT 143 (200 - 500) PCV 9 (32 - 48) PP 5.2 (6.8 - 8.3) morphology - clumped, polychromasia, heinz bodies, anisocytosis

Answer 32

regenerative normocytic hypochromic anemia cause: blood loss (decreased pp and PCV)

Question 33

Characterize the sheep blood work: WBC 16.38 (4 - 12) RBC 5.99 (9 - 15) Hgb 7.1 (9 - 15) Hct 17.1 (27 - 45) MCHC 41.2 (31 - 34) Platelet ct 820 (250 - 750) PCV 17 (27 - 45) morphology - polychromasia, Heinz bodies, basophilic stippling

Answer 33

moderate normocytic hypochromic regenerative anemia w/ increased MCHC cause: hemolysis (copper?)

Question 34

non-regenerative anemia is mostly due to

Answer 34

inadequate or absent bone marrow response

Question 35

Causes are 7 of non-regenerative anemia

Answer 35

1. anemia of inflammatory disease 2. anemia of endocrine disease 3. chronic kidney disease 4. iron deficiency 5. myelophthisis 6. aplastic anemia 7. PIMA

Question 36

anemia of inflammatory disease

Answer 36

most common acute mild normocytic normochromic

Question 37

chronic kidney disease anemia

Answer 37

lack of EPO severity proportional to the retention of nitrogenous waste azotemia, hyperphosphatemia

Question 38

iron deficiency anemia

Answer 38

chronic blood loss iron deficiency in young animals microcytic hypochromic

Question 39

pancytopenia

Answer 39

anemia + neutropenia + thrombocytopenia

Question 40

bicytopenia

Answer 40

decrease in 2/3 cell lineages

Question 41

myelophthisis

Answer 41

crowding out of normal BM (neoplasia)

Question 42

aplastic anemia

Answer 42

bone marrow failure

Question 43

Lead toxicity findings

Answer 43

polychromasia inappropriate nRBCs inappropriate basophilic stippling