Lecture 25 - Renal 2 Flashcards
(20 cards)
what is a unilobar kidney?
a kidney with only one lobe. humans have multilobar kidneys with 8-12 lobes per kidney
label the kidney on the lecture recording?
yes
describe calyces in unilobar and multilobar kidneys
in unilobar kidneys we only have on calyx, but in multilobar kidneys we have minor calyces draining urine from each lobe and major calyces draining into the renal pelvis
what is the renal column?
separates adjacent lobes in multilobar kidneys
what is a medullary ray
A medullary ray is a bundle of straight tubules that extends from the medulla into the cortex of the kidney. includes: straight descending and ascending tubules and the straight proximal and strait distal tubules
what does the medullary rays mark?
the centre of a lobule
where are interlobular arteries?
between adjacent lobules
are there corpuscles in the medullary rays?
no
how can we tell if we are looking at medullary rays in the cortex or medulla?
the presence of renal corpuscles, which are only in the cortex
what is a cortical labyrinth
surrounds the medullary rays and contains coiled tubules and renal corpuscles
what is the junction between the cortex and medulla?
the cortico-medullary junction
what is the orange staining we can see when looking at the outer stripe of the outer medulla
peritubular capillaries
list the arteries of the kidney
- renal artery
- segmental
- interlobar arteries
- artcuate arteries
- interlobular arteries
- afferent arterioles
- glomerular capillaries
- efferent arteriole
- peritubular capillaries of the cortex OR the vasa recta and then peritubular capillaries of the medulla
where does the blood go after becoming deoxygenated in the peritubular capillaries of the cortex?
- stellate vein
- interlobular vein
- arcuate vein
- interlobar vein
- renal vein
- inferior vena cava
where does the blood go after becoming deoxygenated in the peritubular capillaries of the medulla?
- venous vasa recta
- arcuate vein
- interlobar vein
- renal vein
- inferiorde
describe how the epithelium changes when moving from collecting duct to the renal pelvis and bladder
from simple columnar (CD) to transitional epithelium (RP to bladder) surrounded by a smooth muscle layer and fibro-elastic connective tissue
how is the transitional epithelium of the ureter and bladder urine-proofed?
there is a specialised cell membrane on the luminal surface which protects the epithelium from the substances in urine such as uronic acid
how many layers of epithelium are there when it is relaxed vs distended?
relaxed, 5-6 cell layers
distended, 2-3 cell layers
describe the change of epithelium in the urethra
transitional epithelium -> simple columnar -> stratified squamous
describe the tissue surrounding the ureter
contains a muscularis externa and a lamina propria with BVs
