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GIGU Exam 1 > Lecture 28: Development of Reproductive System > Flashcards

Lecture 28: Development of Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

When does sexual differentiation begin?

A

Week 7

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2
Q

When is phenotypic differentiation complete?

A

Week 20

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3
Q

Primordial germ cells migrate up dorsal mesentery to enter the genital ridge, which is what type of mesoderm?

A

Intermediate Mesoderm

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4
Q

What do the primordial germ cells become?

A

Primordial germ cells: undergo meiosis

  • spermatozoa
  • ova
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5
Q

What do the somatic support cells become?

A

Support cells: undergo mitosis

  • Sertoli cells
  • Follicle cells
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6
Q

What two ducts form in the intermediate mesoderm of urogenital ridge?

A

1) Mesonephric/Wolffian Ducts

2) Paramesonephric/Mullerian Ducts

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7
Q

What does the Mesonephric/Wolffian ducts eventually become?

A

Male Genital System

  • epididymis
  • vas deferens
  • seminal vesicles
  • ejaculatory duct
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8
Q

What does the Paramesonephric/Mullerian ducts eventually become?

A

Female Genital System

  • oviduct
  • uterus
  • upper vagina
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9
Q

What gene on the Y chromosome determines the sex?

A

SRY gene

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10
Q

Where is the SRY gene expressed?

A

Somatic support cells (pre-Sertoli)

-helps organize seminiferous tubules

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11
Q

How do males lose the Paramesonephric/Mullerian ducts?

A

SRY –> SOX 9 –> Anti-Mullerian hormone

-regression of duct between weeks 8-10

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12
Q

What drives the mesonephric ducts to develop into the male reproductive system?

A

Testosterone from Leydig cells

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13
Q

What hormones are produced by Sertoli cells, and what do they do?

A

1) AMH: regression of Paramesonephric/Mullerian duct

2) Androgen binding factor: spermatogonia into spermatozoa

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14
Q

What hormones are produced by fetal Leydig cells, and what do they do?

A

1) Testosterone: drives the mesonephric ducts to develop into the male reproductive system

2) 5 α-reductase:
- testosterone –> dihydrotestosterone
- genital tubercle –> penis
- genital swellings –> scrotum
- urethral epithelium –> prostate

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15
Q

What hormones are produced by adult Leydig cells, and what do they do?

A

Androgens:

  • initiate spermatogenesis
  • male sexual behavior
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16
Q

Where does the seminal vesicle come from?

A

Buds of mesonephric duct

-intermediate mesoderm

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17
Q

Where does the prostate gland come from?

A

Endoderm of UG sinus in pelvic urethra

18
Q

Where does the bulbourethral gland come from?

A

Endodermal buds

19
Q

How does the urogenital plate form?

A

Rupture of cloacal membrane

-endoderm

20
Q

How does the glans plate form?

A

Remnants of cloacal membrane at ventral end of urogenital place
-adjacent to genital tubercle

21
Q

How does the genital tubercle form?

A

Swelling at ventral and cranial end of phallic portion of urogenital plate

  • mesoderm
  • ectoderm covered
22
Q

What drives the folding along the penis and folding/fusion of scrotum?

A

DHT

23
Q

What is hypospadias?

A

Failure of urogenital folds to close around penis or scrotum

24
Q

What is epispadias?

A

Exstrophy of bladder

-opening on dorsal side of penis instead of ventral side

25
Q

In females, what gene is expressed and promotes the female reproductive system?

A

WNT-4

26
Q

What suppresses SOX-9 in females?

A

FOXL2

27
Q

What blocks oocytes in meiosis-1?

A

Follicle cells

28
Q

How does the uterus form?

A

Fusion of inferior paramesonephric ducts

  • do not enter urogenital sinus
  • stimulate differentiation of sinuvaginal bulb from urogenital sinus
29
Q

What is the term for a double uterus?

A

Didelphys

-failure of inferior part of duct to fuse

30
Q

How does the vagina form?

A

Lengthening of sinuvaginal bulb, which is eventually canalized

31
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Peritoneal fold that attaches the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries to the pelvis

32
Q

How does the broad ligament form?

A

Remaining tissue from the uterus and oviduct forms a double fold of peritoneum

33
Q

What does the round ligament of ovary connect?

A

Ovary to uterus

34
Q

What is the embryological origin of the round ligament of ovary?

A

Superior gubernaculum

35
Q

What does the round ligament of uterus connect?

A

Uterus to labia majora

36
Q

What is the embryological origin of the round ligament of uterus?

A

Inferior gubernaculum

37
Q

What causes a 46 XY DSD?

-outwardly female, but has a testes

A
  • Inadequate testosterone synthesis
  • Androgen insensitivity syndrome
  • 5 α-reductase deficiency
  • Mutations in AMH or its receptor
38
Q

Describe Androgen insensitivity syndrome.

A
  • X linked recessive
  • have testes
  • no spermatogenesis
  • female secondary characteristics
39
Q

Describe 5 α-reductase DSD.

A
  • Autosomal recessive
  • 46 XY
  • underdeveloped male external genitalia
40
Q

Describe congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

A

Mutations in 21-hydroxylase

  • excess androgen production
  • masculinization of female external genitalia

GIGU Exam 1 (25 decks)

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