Lecture 3 1/26/24 Flashcards
What are the characteristics of the esophagus in large animals?
-starts dorsal to trachea
-rolls to the side; often left
-rolls back to dorsal side more caudally
Why is the rolling of the esophagus important?
elevated skin on the left-hand side or rattling trachea can be used to determine if an NG tube has been incorrectly placed
What are the characteristics of the line of pleural reflection?
-point where costal pleura is continuous with diaphragmatic pleura
-caudolateral limit of thoracic cavity
-extends along 8th and 9th costal cartilages and 9th costochondral junction
-slopes up to dorsal aspect of last intercostal space
What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?
-potential space between the costal and diaphragmatic pleuras
-exists when fluid fills up the space
What is the clinical relevance of the line of pleural reflection?
-inserting a needle dorsocranial to the line allows you to enter the thoracic cavity
-inserting a needle ventrocaudal to the line allows you to enter the abdominal cavity
When is it best to attempt to insert a needle into the costodiaphragmatic recess?
during full expiration, as it minimizes risk of puncturing a lung
What is the lung layout in equine?
-left lung has cranial and caudal lobes
-right lung has cranial, caudal, and accessory lobes
What are the characteristics of the cardiac notch in equine lungs?
-region where pericardial mediastinal pleura is in contact with costal pleura
-low in the 3rd and 4th intercostal spaces on right
-low in the 3rd through 6th intercostal spaces on left
What are the characteristics of the basal border of the lung?
-on line from the olecranon to the dorsal part of the 16th intercostal space
-lies cranial to the line of pleural reflection
Which lines demarcate the auscultation area on horses?
-caudal border of triceps brachii m.
-line from caudal angle of scapula to tuber coxae
-basal border of lung
What is the lung layout in bovine?
-left lung has cranial and caudal lobes
-right lung has cranial, middle, caudal, and accessory lobes
-both cranial lobes have cranial and caudal parts
What is unique about the bovine trachea?
it has a tracheal bronchus in addition to the two principal bronchii
Which lung lobe is supplied by the tracheal bronchus?
right cranial lung lobe
Which species other than bovine have a tracheal bronchus?
-ovine
-caprine
-porcine
