Lecture 3 Flashcards
What percentage of US workers suffer back pain at some time during their careers?
80
What percentage of PTs reported work-related musculoskeletal symptoms during the previous year?
80
low back and neck are most affected
Prevalence
% of people over a period of time who present a condition
What contributes to back and neck pain?
bad posture
poor body mechanics
repetitive motions/microtraumas
decreased flexibility and strength
decreased physical fitness
Stressful living & work habits
Obesity, pregnancy, smoking
ICF Model
Describes functioning and health in association w/underlying health conditions & with personal and environmental factors
Impairments, activity limitations, participation restrictions
Cumulative injury cycle
Tissue trauma
inflammation
muscle spasm
adhesions/scar tissue
altered neuromuscular control
muscle imbalance
Programs to reduce work-related injuries
education
ergonomics (science of fitting the job to the worker)
exercise
Education in exercise work programs
risk factors for injuries
Guidelines related to proper body mechanics
General advice to stay active
Advantages of decreasing work-related injuries
Increased savings
Fewer employees in pain
Increased productivity
Increased morale
Reduced absenteeism
Posture
position of one’s body
alignment and positing of body in relation to gravity center of mass, or base of support
Line of gravity
should pass through the mastoid process of the temporal bone, anterior to the second sacral vertebrae, posterior to the hip, and anterior to knee and ankle
Good standing posture
maintaining the 3 curves of the spine
head along midline, ears to shoulders
chin parallel to floor
shoulders level and in line w/torso
abdominal wall flat
knees slightly flexed
body weight evenly distributed
feet and knees facing forward
Neutral spine
position where the spine functions most efficiently
lumbar has slight lordosis
forces are optimally transferred through vertebrae and discs
Passive subsystem
thoracolumbar fascia
vertebrae & discs
everything but muscles
Thoracolumbar fascia
maintains neutral spine
increases compression btwn articulating joint surfaces
line of force over the lumbar spine and hips
Why should you maintain a neutral lumbar spine?
increases stability
decreases mechanical stress
muscles are positioned to function more effectively
Active subsytem
Muscles in the spine
core muscles
maintains neutral pelvic alignment
Local muscles – smaller & deeper
Global muscles – bigger, attach to fascia
does active contraction
How to control lumbar spine position
controlling the tilt of the pelvis
30/30 rule
reverse or change a static position every 30 minutes for a 30-second duration.
helps to relax muscles and promote circulation
helps prevent cumulative trauma disorder (CTD)
Body Mechanics
use of one’s own body to produce motion that is safe, energy conserving, anatomically, and physiologically efficient, and maintains body balance and control
posture in motion
Benefits of body mechanics
conserves energy
reduces stress and strain on body
reduces risk of injury
promotes effective, efficient, and safe movements
promotes & maintains proper body control/balance
promotes cardiopulmonary function
Base of support
area beneath an object or person that includes every point of contact that the object or person makes with the supporting surface
Center of gravity
where the mass of an object is concentrated
level of the 2nd sacral segment at the center of your pelvis
COG must be within your BOS
Changing COG
standing on one foot
adjusting BOS
reaching for an object
adding ambulation aids
