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1 Patient Management > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Infection control

A

refers to policies and procedures used to minimize the risk of spreading infections, especially in hospitals and healthcare facilities

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2
Q

Purpose of infection control

A

reduce the occurrence of infectious diseases usually caused by bacteria or viruses

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3
Q

Infection Control Practioner

A

usually a RN or has a certification in infection prevention and control

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4
Q

Roles of ICP

A

perform surveillance in healthcare
develop policies & procedures
collaborate with health departments
monitor isolation policies
act as a resource

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5
Q

Purpose of healthcare workers in infection control

A

practice in a manner that reduces the risk of transmitting infection to oneself and others

requires knowledge of what the risks are
requires knowledge of how to reduce those risks

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6
Q

Epidemiology

A

study of populations in order to determine the frequency and distribution of disease and measure risks

supports prevention and controls efforts for all communicable diseases

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7
Q

WHO

A

health authority within the united nations

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8
Q

CDC

A

health authority within the united states

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9
Q

Epidemiologic triangle

A

host
agent
environment

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10
Q

Chain of infection

A

Pathogen
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Transmission
Modes of entry
susceptible host

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11
Q

Pathogen

A

causative agent. largest role in risk are the immune status of the host and virulence of pathogen (ability to infect)

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12
Q

Reservoir

A

environment in which organism can live and multiply

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13
Q

Portal of exit

A

area from which pathogen leaves reservoir; usually corresponds to entry into next host

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14
Q

Transmission

A

Contact
Droplet
Airborne
Vehicle
Vectorborne

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15
Q

Contact (direct or indirect)

A

can be an animate or inanimate object
most common means of transmission
MRSA, VRE, bacteria, viruses, scabies

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16
Q

Droplet

A

greater than 5 um
can only travel about 3ft
meningitis, flu, sars-COVID, whooping cough

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17
Q

Airborne

A

less than 5 um
things that can be carried on the air because they are so light. Can be suspended for hours
TB, chickenpox, herpes, measles, sars-COVID

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18
Q

Vehicle

A

food/water supple, communal source

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19
Q

Vectorborne

A

least common
carried by insect or animal. Intermediate host
malaria

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20
Q

modes of entry

A

how pathogen enters host

ingestion, inhalation, injection, mucous membrane, transplacental

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21
Q

Susceptible host

A

this varies over time & with age

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22
Q

Colonization of organism

A

microorganisms are present in host tissue, not causing symptomatic disease

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23
Q

Carrier

A

person that is able to transmit organism to others

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24
Q

Incubation period

A

period between pathogen entering host and appearance of clinical symptoms

end of incubation period = disease symptoms start

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25
Latent infection
microorganism has replicated but remains dormant or inactive HIV, TB, herpes
26
Categories of pathogens
viruses mycoplasmas bacteria protozoa fungi prions
27
Viruses
Simples and smallest living organisms depends on host cells to reproduce outside of host = protein coat, encloses DNA HIV, herpes
28
Bacteria
single-celled micro-organisms with defined cell walls spores are dormant bacteria staph, strep
29
Fungi
classified as yeast or molds digest food externally opportunistic = produce infection when host is susceptible mycosis = fungi disease yeast infection, molds
30
Microbome
bacteria, fungi, viruses that live in and around body and do not produce disease
31
Bacteria examples
C. difficle MRSA Mycobacterium diarrheas
32
Viruses examples
influenza measles hepatitis b & c HIV chicken pox COVID
33
Fungi examples
candida aspergillus
34
Antimicrobial resistance
ability of certain microorganisms to withstand attack by antimicrobial drugs MDROs = multi-drug resistant organisms
35
MDROs that PTs encounter
MRSA VRE C.Diff (form spores which can live on inanimate objects for long periods of time)
36
Risk factors for MRSA
residents from long-term care facilities previous hospital stay hemodialysis patients prolonged length of stay in hospital surgical procedure frequent antibiotic use intravenous drug use
37
3 most common transmission methods
contact airborne droplet
38
TB infection vs disease
infection is in the body but immune system has control of it. also called latent TB. non-infectious disease is when body's immune system cannot keep TB under control, begins to multiply. infectious, can spread.
39
TB symptoms of disease
coughing lasting > 2 weeks nigh sweats weight loss blood in sputum weakness fever and chills
40
Breaking chain of infection
cleaning and disinfection standard and transmission based precautions vaccinations
41
Standard precautions
infection prevention practices that apply to the care of ALL patients in ANY healthcare setting regardless of their diagnosis or presumed infection status Designed to reduce risk of transmission
42
Nosocomial
infection acquired in a hospital or other healthcare facility
43
Included in standard precautions
hand hygiene respiratory hygiene PPE disinfection of surfaces
44
When should you wash your hands?
Hands are visibly dirty touched a patient touched anything that a patient touches
45
When should you use sanitizer?
hands are not visibly dirty
46
WHO 5 moments of hand hygiene
1. before touching pt 2. before procedure 3. after body fluid exposure 4. after touching pt 5. after touching pt surroundings
47
What is the most important thing you can do to prevent spread of disease?
handwashing
48
Cleaning surfaces
removing any visible soil
49
Disinfect surfaces
after cleaning, using to kill any remaining microbes you must clean AND disinfect equipment if multiple pt are using it
50
What kills c.dificle?
bleach
51
What kills norovirus?
oxivir TB wipes
52
Contact Plus Rooms
isolation rooms, diseases that are particularly infectious or dangerous. Bleach is used to disinfect
53
Transmission-based precautions
designed to supplement standard precautions in patients with documented or suspected infection of highly transmissible pathogens. can have multiple routes of transmission contact, droplet, airborne
54
Contact Precautions
private room gloves gown mask & eye protection if splashing is likely patient-care items are kept in room patient stays in room except for medically necessary procedures or therapy
55
Contact PLUS precautions
for c.dificle use sporocidal product must wash hands, sanitizer does not kill it
56
Droplet precautions
private room patient stays in room except for medically necessary procedures or therapy patient wears mask when out of room mask & shield for hcw gowns/gloves patient care items stay in room
57
Airborne precautions
private room w/ventilation door kept closed patient stays in room except for medically necessary procedures or therapy but MUST wear N-95 gown, goggles, mask, gloves, shield patient care items in room n-95 mask for HCW
58
Bloodborne pathogens
HIV hep B hep C
59
HIV
virus that causes AIDS blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk HCW have gotten it through splash. wear eye protection
60
Hepatitis B
causes cirrhosis of liver, liver cancer, liver failure, death jaundice is a symptom vaccine that helps to prevent No risk for vaccinated, 6-30% for unvaccinated
61
Hepatitis C
disease of liver 80% don't have symptoms jaundice, dark urine are symptoms no vaccine yet 1.8% risk

1 Patient Management (8 decks)

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