Lecture 3: Flashcards
(38 cards)
1
Q
What are pattern differentiations in TCM?
A
- rather than a symptom or diagnosis, TCM looks at the whole picture of the patient to determine a pattern that could then be treated.
2
Q
what are the 9 pattern differentiations?
A
- the 8 principles.
- the 5 elements.
- the vital substances.
- the zang-fu organs.
- pathogenic factors.
- the 6 stages.
- the 4 levels.
- 3 Jiao (burners).
- the meridians.
3
Q
what do the 8 principles include?
A
- ying-yang, heat-cold, internal-external, excess-deficieny.
4
Q
what do the 5 elements include?
A
- wood, earth, fire, water, metal.
- and their sequences
- generating, controlling, insulting.
5
Q
what do the vital substances include?
A
- QI, blood, body fluids and essence.
6
Q
what do the zang-fu organs include?
A
- 5 yin organs, 6 yin organs and 6 extraordinary organs.
7
Q
what are the pathogenic factors?
A
- wind.
- cold/heat,
-dampness. - dryness
- summer/heat.
8
Q
what are the 6 stages?
A
tai yang
yang ming
shao yang
tai yin
shao yin
jeu yin
9
Q
what are the 4 levels?
A
wei
Qi
ying
blood
10
Q
what are the 3 levels (burners)
A
upper
middle
lower.
11
Q
What does the exterior principle compromise?
A
- exterior compromises the skin, muscles and channels.
- the space between the skin and muscles where Wei Qi and sweat are located and are first invaded by external pathogenic factors.
12
Q
what are patterns of exterior principle?
A
- aversion to cold (fever), aching body, stiff neck and a floating pulse.
13
Q
what is the interior principle?
A
- when the internal organs are affected.
- may have arisen from an exterior pathogenic factor, but once the disease penetrates into the interior it is defined as the interior.
14
Q
how do we treat the interior?
A
- treating the internal organ patterns.
15
Q
what is the heat principle?
A
- feeling hot/fever.
- sweating.
- thirst.
16
Q
what is empty vs full heat?
A
- all dependent on if it is a manifestation of excess of yang or if yang is relatively in excess
17
Q
Outline the characteristics of full heat;
A
- the whole face is red.
- have the desire to drink cold water.
- red all over the inside eyelid.
- bitter taste.
- feeling of heat all day long.
- high fever.
- very restless and agitated.
- constipation and abdominal pain.
- profuse bleeding.
- dream disturbed sleep and very restless.
- red painful skin eruptions.
- pulse is full-rapid and overflowing.
- tongue is red with a yellow coating.
- treatment is clear heat.
18
Q
outline the characteristics of empty heat;
A
- face has a malar flush.
- they have desire to drink in small sips.
- they have thin red line inside eyelid.
- no bitter taste.
- they have feeling of heat in afternoon or evening.
- low grade fever in the afternoon.
- their mind is vague anxiety and fidgeting.
- dry stools with no abdominal pain.
- slight bleeding.
- waking up frequently during night or early morning.
- their skin eruptions a scarlet-red, and painless.
- their pulse is floating-empty and rapid.
- their tongue is red and peeled.
- we heal by nourishing yin and clearing empty heat.
19
Q
what is the cold principle?
A
- the feeling of cold.
- cold limbs.
- the absence of thirst.
- full or empty cold.
20
Q
outline full-cold.
A
- face is bright white.
- pain I sharp and worse on pressure.
- bowels feel better after a bowel movement.
- pulse is full-tight and deep.
- tongue has a thick white coating
21
Q
outline empty cold;
A
- face is dull-white.
- pain is dull and better with pressure.
- bowel are worse after a bowel movement.
- pulse is weak-slow-deep.
- the tongue has a thin white coating.
22
Q
what is the excess principle?
A
- characterized by the presence of a pathogenic factor while upright Qi is relatively intact and actively fighting against the pathogenic factor.
- pain is worse with pressure.
- pain that is acute is onset.
- irritability and restlessness.
- strong voice.
23
Q
what is the deficiency principle?
A
- characterized by the emptiness of upright Qi and the absence of a pathogenic factor.
- Empty Qi: pale face, weak voice, slight sweating, slight shortness of breath, fatigue, loose stools, poor appetite.
- empty yang; bright pale face, cold limbs, absence of thirst, desire for hot drinks, frequent pale urination.
- empty yin: heat in the afternoon, dry throat at night, night sweats.
- empty blood; dull-pale face, pale lips, dry hair, blurred vision, tiredness, poor memory, insomnia and scanty periods.
24
Q
what are the causes of disease?
A
- the disease can be caused by internal and external factors.
- external factors are thought of as pathogens that attack the body from the outside.
- internal factors are often from stress and emotional problems that can damage individual organ systems, and from organ impairment which leads to a lack of functioning.
- organ impairment can be caused by diet, drugs, alcohol, medication, overwork, emotional factors or external pathogens that penetrate into the interior and begin to damage organ systems.
25
what is the wind pathogenic factor?
- yang in nature.
- usually used as a source for other factors to enter.
- arises quickly and changes rapidly.
- moves around.
- lungs are affected first (external wind).
- liver affected by internal wind.
- causes tremors or convulsions, stiffness and paralysis.
26
what happens when wind invades the muscles and channels?
- we get stiffness, rigidity, and contraction of the muscles with sudden onset.
27
what happens when wind invades the joints?
- we get pain that moves from joint to joint, especially in the upper part of the body.
28
what is cold wind?
- aversion to cold and wind.
- chills.
- sneezing.
- cough white discharge.
- runny nose with white discharge.
- body stiffness and aches.
- pulses; maybe floating, but often no change from normal.
- tongue; no change from normal.
29
what is wind heat?
- aversion to wind and heat.
- fever.
- sneezing.
- cough with yellow discharge.
- runny nose with yellow mucous.
- itchy and or sore throat.
- swollen tonsils, red back of the throat.
- pulses; maybe superficial, but usually no charge.
- tongue; no change from normal.
30
what is internal wind?
- tremors, tics.
- itchy; lung involved as well because of skin.
- severe dizziness and vertigo.
- severe cases of convulsions, unconsciousness, and hemiplegia.
- deviation of mouth/tongue.
31
what is cold?
- injures yang
- contracts and congeals
- cause clear discharge.
32
What are the characteristics of cold?
- sleepiness.
- severe localized pain improved by heat- excess and deficiency.
- white tongue coating and body discharges.
- slow pulse.
- craves warmth, aversion to cold, feels cold.
- pale complexion.
- lack of thirst.
- loose stools.
- clear and profuse urine. not heat.
- day or night (and at night too much depending on age).
33
what is heat?
- yang in nature.
- blazes upwards.
- drying; damages blood and yin.
- may cause bleeding.
- potential to generate wind when severe.
- affects the mind.
34
what are the characteristics of heat?
- high fever, desires cold, aversion to heat, heat sensation.
- redness- skin, face, eyes and complexion.
- thirst.
- constipation (complicated) or foul-smelling diarrhea; foul-smelling discharge.
- scanty dark yellow urine.
- bleeding symptoms are; cough, vomit, nose, gums, urine, stool, and skin.
- rapid anything; including pulse, and breathing rate.
- yellow tongue coating (full-heat) and other body discharges, red tongue body.
35
what is dampness?
- excess of yin.
- from damp environments; clothes, living, wading, diet.
- lack of movement.
- sticky and difficult to get rid of.
- HEAVY and SLOW
36
What are the characteristics of dampness?
- the feeling of heaviness, pain or anything worse with dampness.
- anything swollen or oozing.
- no appetite, bloating, made worse with food.
- cloudiness of discharges.
- pulse; slippery.
- tongue; sticky coat and or a fat swollen tongue.
37
what is dryness?
- from very dry or hot weather, internal heat, dry warming foods and/or herbs, lack of fluid intake, not enough fruits/veggies, salty processed food.
- all symptoms are dry.
- internal dryness is a form of yin deficiency without heat signs or symptoms.
- can result from the heat too.
38
what is summer heat?
- yang in nature.
- only in the summer.
- like a heat stroke.
- combo of heat and damp.
- usually only encounter in 1st aid situation.
