Lecture 3

Question 1

Prior to the _______ mental disabilities were often described in one category which included intellectual delay, mental illness, and organic brain disorders.

Answer 1

1800’s

Question 2

Early _____ - Start of division of mental illness into cognitive – affective – behavioural domains

Answer 2

1800

Question 3

1897 - Emil Kraepelin coined the term _______

Answer 3

dementia praecox

Question 4

1911 - Eugen Bleuler coined the term __________, and positive and negative symptoms

Answer 4

schizophrenia

Question 5

1959 - Kurt Schneider developed his concept schneiderian symptoms of schizophrenia
Become the foundation of the ______

Answer 5

DSM II

Question 6

Audible thoughts
Experience of influences controlling the body
Thought broadcasting
Thought withdrawal
Thought insertion
Delusional perception

Answer 6

Scheiderian symptoms

Question 7

appears to be the strong predictor in development of schizophrenia

Answer 7

Genetics (family history)

Question 8

is not solely responsible in ½ of the cases of identical twins only one twin will experience schizophrenia

Answer 8

Genetics

Question 9

Prenatal exposure to influenza
Prenatal exposure to lead
Prenatal exposure to toxoplasma gondii
Obstetrical complications

Answer 9

Prenatal and Perinatal factors

Question 10

Predispositions and vulnerabilities for schizophrenia (diatheses)
People’s vulnerabilities must interact with life stresses to trigger the onset of the illness
Vulnerability + Stress

Answer 10

Diathesis-stress models

Question 11

_______ can include:
Trauma
Virus
Prenatal and perinatal complications
Substance use

Answer 11

Diathesis-stress models: Stressors

Question 12

Good evidence to show that ______ can trigger schizophrenia, cause relapse, and worsen symptoms.

Answer 12

stress

Question 13

3 neurotransmitters schizophrenia

Answer 13

Dopamine hypothesis
Glutamate hypothesis
Serotonin hypothesis

Question 14

Reduced grey matter
Low activation of frontal cortex
Ventricle enlargement
Hippocampal atrophy

Answer 14

Neurological changes: Schizophrenia

Question 15

Schizophrenia
Schizophreniform Disorder
Schizoaffective Disorder
Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Answer 15

DSM 5 – Schizophrenia Spectrum

Question 16

Delusions
Hallucinations

Answer 16

Positive Symptoms

Question 17

Distortions or exaggerations in language and communication
Disorganized speech
Disorganized behavior

Answer 17

Cognitive Symptoms

Question 18

Affective flattening
Avolition
Alogia
Anhedonia
Asociality
Anosognosia
Apathy
Catatonia

Answer 18

Negative Symptoms

Question 19

significant or severe lack of motivation or a pronounced inability to complete purposeful tasks

Answer 19

Avolition

Question 20

symptom that causes you to speak less, say fewer words or only speak in response to others

Answer 20

Alogia

Question 21

lack of interest, enjoyment or pleasure from life’s experiences

Answer 21

Anhedonia

Question 22

lack of motivation to engage in social interaction, or a preference for solitary activities

Answer 22

Asociality

Question 23

a neurological condition in which the patient is unaware of their neurological deficit or psychiatric condition

Answer 23

Anosognosia

Question 24

lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern

Answer 24

Apathy

Question 25

a lack of movement and communication, and also can include agitation, confusion

Answer 25

Catatonia

Question 26

Being spied on by someone who means harm or who is part of a conspiracy. Being followed or tracked. Being lied to or given misinformation.

Answer 26

Delusion: Persecutory/paranoid

Question 27

refers to the mistaken belief that ordinary events and normal human behavior have hidden meanings that somehow relate to the individual experiencing the delusions

Answer 27

Delusion: Referential

Question 28

are unfounded or inaccurate beliefs that one has special powers, wealth, mission, or identity

Answer 28

Delusion: Grandiose

Question 29

an individual believes that another person, usually of higher status, is in love with them

Answer 29

Delusion: Erotomanic

Question 30

belief of being dead, decomposed or annihilated, having lost one's own internal organs or even not existing entirely as a human being

Answer 30

Delusion: Nihilistic

Question 31

the individual believes something is wrong with part or all of their body

Answer 31

Delusion: Somatic

Question 31

"I am god"

Answer 31

Delusion: Religious

Question 32

something that could never happen in real life, such as being cloned by aliens or having your thoughts broadcast on TV

Answer 32

Delusion: Bizarre

Question 32

individual has a delusional belief that their spouse (or sexual partner) is being unfaithful w/ no evidence

Answer 32

Delusion: Jealous

Question 33

he belief that a person can control others with their thoughts, or that they have godlike powers

Answer 33

Delusion: Magical thinking

Question 34

Thought insertion Thought broadcasting Thought withdrawal

Answer 34

Delusions of control

Question 35

involves somehow experiencing one's own thoughts as someone else's

Answer 35

Thought insertion

Question 36

Delusion that one's thought is projected and perceived by others

Answer 36

Thought broadcasting

Question 37

the delusional belief that thoughts have been 'taken out' of the patient's mind, and the patient has no power over this

Answer 37

Thought withdrawal

Question 38

lack of logical relationship between thoughts and ideas – conversation shifts from one topic to another in unrelated manner

Answer 38

Loose associations

Question 39

takes a long time to make a point – excessive detail

Answer 39

Circumstantiality

Question 40

speaker does not return to central point

Answer 40

Tangentiality

Question 41

pause or interruption in train of thought (paucity of thought)

Answer 41

Thought blocking

Question 42

creation of new words

Answer 42

Neologisms

Question 43

rapid verbalization, jumping from one topic to another

Answer 43

Flight of ideas

Question 44

incoherent mixture of words

Answer 44

Word salad

Question 45

focused on a specific topic, returns to the topic even after topic has changed

Answer 45

Perseveration

Question 46

use of words or phrases that have similar sounds (hell, bell, sell, well, swell) – not associated in meaning

Answer 46

Clang association

Question 47

echoing the words and statements used by others

Answer 47

Echolalia

Question 48

Psychomotor agitation Psychomotor retardation May not be goal directed and leads to difficulty preforming activities of daily living

Answer 48

Cognitive Symptoms: Disorganized Behaviours

Question 49

______ and ________ can both refer to either motor symptoms or psychic symptoms.

Answer 49

Agitation; retardation

Question 50

internally agitated

Answer 50

Psychic agitation

Question 51

pacing etc

Answer 51

Motoric agitation

Question 52

internal feeling of being slowed down

Answer 52

Psychic retardation

Question 53

slowed movements

Answer 53

Motoric retardation

Question 54

Combination of cognitive, affective and motor symptoms

Answer 54

Catatonic symptoms

Question 55

Stupor Catalepsy Waxy flexibility Mutism Negativism Posturing Mannerism Stereotypy Agitation Grimacing Echolalia Echopraxia

Answer 55

Negative Symptoms: Catatonia

Question 56

a state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility.

Answer 56

Stupor

Question 57

a medical condition characterized by a trance or seizure with a loss of sensation and consciousness accompanied by rigidity of the body

Answer 57

Catalepsy

Question 58

patient's body showing resistance to being moved

Answer 58

Waxy flexibility

Question 59

an inability or unwillingness to speak, resulting in the absence or marked paucity of verbal output

Answer 59

Mutism

Question 60

little or no response to instructions or external stimuli

Answer 60

Negativism

Question 61

actively holding a posture against gravity

Answer 61

Posturing

Question 62

carrying out odd, exaggerated actions

Answer 62

Mannerism

Question 63

repetitive movements without an apparent reason

Answer 63

Stereotypy

Question 64

holding the same facial expression, usually with stiff or tense facial muscles

Answer 64

Grimacing

Question 65

involuntary repetition or imitation of another person's actions

Answer 65

Echopraxia

Question 66

Criterion A: Presence of one or more delusions for one month or more Criterion B: Has never met Criterion for schizophrenia Criterion C: Functioning not markedly impaired & behaviour not obviously odd, mental status & social functioning intact (outside of direct impact of delusion). Criterion D: Any mood disorders are brief compared with total duration of delusional period Criterion E: Not better accounted for by substances or general medical condition

Answer 66

Types of delusional disorders

Question 67

May appear fairly sudden to others but symptoms often begin to slowly develop over six months to a year Prodromal Stage - Changes in personality - Withdrawal - Dropping out of normal activities

Answer 67

Onset of Schizophrenia