Lecture 3

Question 1

What induces the formation of the neural plate?
A) Neural crest cells
B) Neural groove
C) Notochord
D) Somites

Answer 1

C) Notochord

Question 2

What does the neural plate form as it invaginates along its central axis?
A) Neural folds and neural tube
B) Neural tube and neural crest
C) Neural groove and neural folds
D) Somatopleure and splanchnopleure

Answer 2

C) Neutral groove and neutral folds

Question 3

What does the cranial portion of the neural tube develop into?
A) Spinal cord
B) Somites
C) Brain
D) Mesonephros

Answer 3

C) Brain

Question 4

What does the caudal portion of the neural tube develop into?
A) Spinal cord
B) Somites
C) Brain
D) Mesonephros

Answer 4

A) Spinal cord

Question 5

Which vitamin is essential for the proper development of the neural tube?
A) Vitamin C
B) Folate
C) Vitamin D
D) Iron

Answer 5

B) Folate

Question 6

When does the cranial neuropore close?
A) Day 20
B) Day 25
C) Day 27
D) Week 4

Answer 6

B) Day 25

Question 7

When does the caudal neuropore close?
A) Day 20
B) Day 25
C) Day 27
D) Week 4

Answer 7

C) Day 27

Question 8

Which structure develops into the cerebral cortex?
A) Rhombencephalon
B) Diencephalon
C) Telencephalon
D) Metencephalon

Answer 8

C) Telencephalon

Question 9

Which of the following is a derivative of the surface ectoderm?
A) Retina
B) CNS
C) Epidermis
D) Adrenal medulla

Answer 9

C) Epidermis

Question 10

What do the neural crest cells give rise to?
A) CNS
B) Schwann cells and spinal ganglia
C) Tooth enamel and crystalline
D) Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes

Answer 10

B) Schwann cells and spinal Ganglia

Question 11

What condition is caused by the failure of the anterior neuropore to close?
A) Spina bifida
B) Anencephaly
C) Neural crest syndrome
D) Occult spina bifida

Answer 11

B) Anencephaly

Question 12

Which is the most severe form of spina bifida?
A) Occult spina bifida
B) Spina bifida with myeloschisis
C) Spina bifida cystica
D) Spina bifida occulta

Answer 12

B) Spina bifida with myeloschisis

Question 13

What does the paraxial mesoderm give rise to?
A) Kidneys and gonads
B) Lateral body walls and limbs
C) Spine, neck muscles, and part of the trunk dermis
D) Adrenal cortex and liver

Answer 13

C) spine, neck muscles and part of the trunk dermis

Question 14

Which structure is transient and dysfunctional, forming in week 4 in the cervical region?
A) Pronephros
B) Mesonephros
C) Metanephros
D) Somite

Answer 14

A) Pronephros

Question 15

What are the permanent kidneys known as?
A) Pronephros
B) Mesonephros
C) Metanephros
D) Splanhnopleure

Answer 15

C) Metanephros

Question 16

What does the tracheoesophageal septum divide?
A) Foregut and hindgut
B) Esophagus and trachea
C) Midgut and foregut
D) Mesonephros and metanephros

Answer 16

B) Esophagus and trachea

Question 17

Which of the following is a derivative of the endoderm?
A) Lungs
B) Skin
C) Muscles
D) Brain

Answer 17

A) lungs

Question 18

What is the function of the ductus venosus during fetal circulation?
A) Transport oxygenated blood from the lungs
B) Bypass the liver and transport blood to the inferior vena cava
C) Carry deoxygenated blood from the umbilical arteries
D) Supply blood to the fetal kidneys

Answer 18

B) Bypass the liver and transport blood to the inferior vena cava

Question 19

What causes the foramen ovale to close at birth?
A) Increased pressure in the right atrium
B) Increased pressure in the left atrium
C) Increased pulmonary arterial resistance
D) Decreased blood flow to the umbilical arteries

Answer 19

B) increased pressure in the left atrium

Question 20

What does the umbilical vein become after birth?
A) Medial umbilical ligaments
B) Ligamentum arteriosum
C) Round ligament of the liver
D) Ligamentum venosum

Answer 20

C) round ligament of the liver

Question 21

What does the rhombencephalon split into?
A) Cerebral cortex and thalamus
B) Pons, cerebellum, and medulla oblongata
C) Lateral and third ventricles
D) Cerebellum and spinal cord

Answer 21

B) Pons, Cerebellum, and medulla oblongata