Lecture 3 Flashcards by jordan c

T/F: Spiders are insects

FALSE

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What is a bug in the class arachnida that eats other bug eggs?

mites

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how do mites disperse their eggs?

phoresy: carried by other insects

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what are the mites that are commonly found in compost?

Cunaxidae

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what do mites alter?

alter or delaying successional patterns of decay

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what do macrochelids indicate on a body?

possible origins of a corpse

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where are macrochelids usually found?

agricultural regions

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what is the problem with collecting mites?

difficult to collect and see

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what is the structural parts of a spider?

8 legs, 2 body parts: abdomen, and cephalothorax

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what are the body parts of pseudoscorpions?

they have 2 body parts: abdomen and cephalothorax

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what is the most distinguished parts of pseudoscorpions?

pedipalps (pinchers), and mouthparts

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how do psuedoscorpions disperse?

via phoresy: attached to flies

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What bug is associated with decomposing remains and found at all stages?

pill bugs

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How many species of malacostraca are there in Ontario, are they native?

13 and mostly no

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What class are centipedes

chilopoda

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what insect is predatory on other arthropods (clue: both found indoors and outdoors)?

centipedes

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What class are millipedes?

diplopoda

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where do millipedes live?

moist habitats, plant feeders but also on decomposing animal tissues

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how many species of millipedes are there in Canada and Alaska?

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What insect is order collembola?

springtails

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what is another name for springtails

snow fleas

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What is the class name of silverfish?

Thysanura

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where is the typical location of silverfish?

households generally inside pest of stored food products

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what are the worst insects for killing people?

houseflies and mosquitos

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What do cockroaches do to carcasses?

feed on them

when do cockroaches appear?

commonly at later stage remains, not fresh corpses

what order are cockroaches?

Blattaria

where are earwigs found?

damp habitats, and commonly beneath a corpse as daylight shelter area

what order are earwigs?

Dermaptera

What is the most abundant order?

Coleoptera

when are beetles found?

early stages of decomposition

What is the main predatory beetle?

Staphilinidae

When do predatory beetles arrive?

early after death and remain through the rotting cycle.

what is the class of ground beetles?

Carabidae

what are histerid beetles?

shiny black and robust beetles

what do histerid beetles do?

Feed on maggots, stay throughout decomposition period.

What is the common name for silphidae?

burying beetles

what do silphidae larvae feed on?

this is a tricky question, some authors say remains and maggots others say only on maggots

What is the common name of dermestidae?

carpet/museum beetles

what do dermestids eat?

dry skin, hair, larvae, and adults

how are dermestids forensically relavent?

not necessarily the corpse but rather identifying location

when you get a reaction from dermestids on your skin what should you do?

olive oil on skin

what order are caddisflies?

trichoptera

Why are caddisflies Dave's favourite insect?

because they make pretty shells made of sand twigs and leaves

where do you normally find caddisflies?

submerged corpses, and often in clothing

what were red bloodworms (chironamidae) misidentified as?

carpet fibres

what is the proper name of mayflies?

ephemeroptera

what is the order of flies?

Diptera

what is the anatomical wing structure of flies?

two wings, hind wings are reduced to halterese

T/F: Flies have 4 wings.

false

which type of fly arrives first in cooler climates?

calliphoridae (blow flies)

which flies arrive first in warmer temperatures?

sarcophagidae (flesh flies)

how can you distinguish flesh flies?

checkered abdomen

where do blow flies deposit their eggs?

folds, eyes, ears

T/F: blow fly maggots are predatory on other maggots.

True

3rd Instar Maggots release enzymes to do what?

liquify tissue

what is the family name for cheese skippers?

piophilidae

where are cheese typically found?

- stored products and dried foodstuffs - slaughter houses and tanneries

T/F: maggots can jump.

True: they can jump up to 3 in to escape from predators

Cheese skipppers can tolerate temps of __ for 1 hour and __ for 24 hours

54 and 45

when do cheese skippers appear on a dried corpse?

later

what is the least amount of time adult cheese skippers have been found?

as soon as 3 days on small carcasses

What did Johnston and Villenueve find in 1897?

found cheese skipper larvae on corpse after saponification (turning fat into soap) had occured

What is found in 10% of graves 3-10 yrs old?

cheese skipper maggots

What insects are simple and ametabolous? what does that mean?

silverfish, & collebola immature look like adults

what insects are incomplete or hemimetabolous, what does that mean?

earwigs; larvae similar to adults but missing key structures (wings)

what insects are complete or holometabolous, what does that mean?

maggots, grubs; means they go through several distinct stages or through moults or instars

What instar of maggots have keys?

all but mostly for 3rd, some for 2nd, and very few for 1st

Where and how do maggots emerge from?

the plastron, they split it at the length

How do adult flies emerge?

- breaking open pupae with a specialized temporary structure called a ptilinum - head sweals to break pupae - fly emerges and the ptilinum shrinks, fly exoskeleton hardens

What does damage to the exoskeleton of a fly do?

leaves a scar

Why does rigor mortis occur?

breakdown of glycogen and accumulation of lactic acid

when does rigor mortis start/end?

begins: 5-7 hrs lasts: 48-72 hrs

what is rigor mortis mitigated and lengthened by?

high temperatures and lengthened by low temperatures

What occurs after rigor mortis?

biochemical fermentation and autolysis

what gases are released during fermentation?

ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen

during the bloat stage what happens?

flanks become greenish and carcass bloats

why does putrefaction occur?

micro organisms in the body (intestinal flora) followed by invading saprophytic fungi and bacteria

when do necrophagous insects appear?

after autolysis

What do larvae feed on in a carcass?

liquid between muscle fibres

what is the order of body decomposition

1. Intestines, stomach, liver blood, heart blood, and circulation heart muscles 2. lungs, air passages 3. brain 4. kidneys and bladder 5. voluntary muscles 6. uterus

how long is liver unattractive for?

3 hours after removal