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Forensic Crim > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the usefulness of crime data

A
  • describes crime (necessary for development of prevention policies)
  • assess current policies and strategies
  • data also provides a picture of risk
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2
Q

______ is preferred to _____ but requires suitable ______

A
  • prevention
  • punishment
  • prediction
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3
Q

true/false there is a relationship between higher police budgets and crime rates

A

false

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4
Q

what is the CallitFemicide report

A
  • a woman/ girl is killed every 2.5 days in canada in 2018
  • its an annual report by the Canadian Femicide Observatory for Justice and Accountability
  • shows the higher death rates happened in rural areas
  • funding is per capita, so rural areas don’t get enough
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5
Q

what is one of the strongest predictors of criminal behaviour

A
  • age
  • age 15-24 commit the most crime
  • 65+ less likely to be victimized
  • children more likely to be sexually assault/ exploited/ incest
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6
Q

true/false female offenders outweigh male offenders in most measured crime categories

A
  • false
  • other way around
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7
Q

why are men over-represented as offenders

A
  • woman are less likely to be reported upon
  • outdated thoughts on masculinity
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8
Q

what is the main goal of the CallitFemicide report

A

to acknowledge the circumstances and motivations surrounding women’s violent deaths differ from those of men

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9
Q

how do female murders differ from men

A
  • women killed by people they know
  • men killed by acquaintances and strangers
  • most of the time
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10
Q

true/false intimate partner demicides are domestic disputes or lovers quarrels

A
  • false
  • they are crimes of control
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11
Q

true/false Canadian crime stats routinely report on the ancestry/ethnicity of offenders

A

false

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12
Q

true/false First Nations individuals over-represented all levels of criminal justice system

A

true

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13
Q

Should criminal justice agencies in Canada collect data on ancestry/ethnicity of offenders?

A
  • depends
  • better info would be gained
  • opens up to racial profiling
  • also how would we get this info
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14
Q

What is a major hurdle in assessing the link between SES and crime

A

how do we even tell what “low” is it constantly changes and is such a grey area

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15
Q

what is the link between socio-economic status and crime

A

Members of low SES more prone to commit crime

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16
Q

what are the 5 main correlates of delinquency

A
  • Negative school attachment
  • Anti-social peers
  • Victimization
  • Aggression
  • Negative parenting various diff parenting choices (that he won’t get into) but these lead to delinquency
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17
Q

what is this social acts of juveniles that are defined and evaluated as deviant or antisocial by legal or social norms and that are usually socially learned

A

juvenile delinquency

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18
Q

what are typologies of crime

A

Classifications of crime useful in identifying patterns of criminal activity and motivations for criminal behavior

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19
Q

what are the categories of crime

A
  • Violent crime
  • Property crime
  • Crimes Against the Public Order
  • Organized crime
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20
Q

what are some examples of violent crime

A
  • homicide
  • attempted murder
  • hate crimes
  • uttering threats
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21
Q

what is the problem of violence

A
  • media focuses more attention on violence than any other category of crime
  • but violent crimes make up little of crime
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22
Q

what is homicide

A

when a person, directly or indirectly, by any means causes the death of a human being

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23
Q

what are the types of culpable homicide

A
  • murder
  • manslaughter
  • infanticide
24
Q

what are the types of non-culpable homicide

A
  • justifiable homicide
  • excusable homicide
25
what is 1st degree murder
planned and deliberate
26
what is 2nd degree murder
- intentional - involves malice - occured without premeditation and deliberation
27
what is manslaughter
- non-intentional homicide - usually an act in the heat of a moment, sudden provocation or impaired judgement
28
what is infanticide
death of a new born child by a mom, before age 1
29
the majority of murder is committed by who
men aged 25-44
30
**true/false** most victims know their killer
true
31
why are family-related killings declining in Canada and the US
- shift away from marriages - marriages at more mature ages - greater ease of leaving abusive marriages
32
Women _____ more likely to be victims of intimate partner homicide than men
4x
33
who falls into the category of intimate aprtners
- married - common law - dating
34
how do homicides occur in canada
- Firearms and knives, each about 33% - Beatings in about 22% - Remaining by strangulation, suffocation, MV, fire, poisoning, etc.
35
how do homicides occur in the US
about 2/3 involve firearms
36
what are the diff categories of assault
- **level 1/ common assault** least serious, punching, slapping etc - **level 2** assault involving a weapon/ causing bodily harm - **level 3/ aggravated assault** involves assaults that disable, disfigure or endanger life
37
what is assault
intentional or threatened application of force on another person without their consent
38
what is robbery
Theft of property from another person through the use/threat of force or through intimidation
39
why is robbery a violent crime
due to the element of intimidation or force
40
robbers make up how much of reported violent crimes
10%
41
how many of robberies are armed
half
42
**true/false** Robberies usually do not result in injury
true
43
______ *(more/less)* lethal the arms carried by the perpetrators, the lower the likelihood that victims suffer injuries
more
44
**true/false** Robbers and their victims rarely know one another
true
45
what is stalking
- watch, follow, threaten, & harass others repeatedly - Must be a pattern
46
**true/false** Stalkers usually know the victim
- True - often a former partner
47
what is cyberstalking
repeated, unsolicited communication with a reasonable fear on part of the recipient for safety
48
what are hate crimes
designed to harm and intimidate an entire group through acts directed at individuals the offender believes is a member of that group
49
what makes hate crimes different than any other crime
the motive *(not behaviour)*
50
what are the main motivations behind hate crimes
- race/ ethnicity 60% - religion 24% - sexual orientation 10%
51
**true/false** hate crimes are often violent
true
52
**true/false** hate crimes are often committed by member of organized groups
true
53
**true/false** hate crimes are often focused on strangers
true
54
**true/false** the CC encourages stricter sentences for hate motivated crimes
true
55

Forensic Crim (5 decks)

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