Lecture 3

Question 1

3 components of cell theory:

Answer 1

1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
2. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all organisms
3. All cells come from preexisting cells

Question 2

You need a (light/Electron/both) microscope to view most virus’s and proteins

Answer 2

electron

Question 3

A frog egg can be viewed with a (light/Electron/both) microscope

Answer 3

light

Question 4

Chloroplasts can be seen with (light/Electron/both)

Answer 4

both

Question 5

Staining is done to:

Answer 5

highlight certain pathways and make cell areas more clearly visible.

Question 6

Microscopes can/cannot produce video images

Answer 6

cannot

Question 7

Microscopes can/cannot produce still images

Answer 7

can

Question 8

Why don’t we have cells that are larger than 100µm?

Answer 8

A cell must exchange internal and external things, as size increases, volume scales x^3 while Surface area scales x^2. This means the bigger a cell gets, the less efficient movement in and out of the cell becomes. Simple diffusion also suffers.

Question 9

Which is larger: Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?

Answer 9

Eukaryotes

Question 10

All cells (true/false)

All use DNA to store genetic information
All use RNA to transfer genetic information
All use proteins to carry out work of some kind
All use ribosomes to make proteins

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True/false

Prokaryotes have cytoplasm, the fluid cell processes take place

Answer 11

true

Question 12

True/false

Prokaryotes have cell membrane, the boundary between the cell and it’s environment

Answer 12

true

Question 13

Prokaryotes include:

Answer 13

Bacteria and Archaea

Question 14

Prokaryotes have numerous biochemical differences.

Answer 14

ye

Question 15

3 domain system includes:
Domain _____
Domain _____
Domain _____

Answer 15

Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

Question 16

True/false

Prokaryotes and Archea include a nucleus

Answer 16

false

Question 17

True/false

Prokaryotes and Archea include membrane bound organelles

Answer 17

false

Question 18

Which domains have membranes that are built by fatty acids?

Answer 18

Domain bacteria and Domain Eukarya, archaea include non fatty acid lipids

Question 19

Domain eukarya cell wall chemistry is built of

Answer 19

cellulose (if present)

Question 20

Bacteria cell wall chemistry is built of

Answer 20

Peptidoglycan (if present)

Question 21

Archaea cell wall chemistry is built of

Answer 21

Pseudo-peptidoglycan or proteins

Question 22

Eukaryotes are more/less diverse than prokaryotes in function

Answer 22

more

Question 23

The plasma membrane is composed of:

Answer 23

a hydrophilic head with a phosphate group between a phospholipid molecule and the glycerol backbone.

The glycerol backbone connects the the hydrophilic portion to the hydrophobic tails (2 tails)

Question 24

The difference between an animal and plant cell membrane is:

Answer 24

the cell plasma membrane (phospholipid bilayer) is surrounded by a rigid cell wall.

Question 25

The nucleus stores ___

Answer 25

DNA

Question 26

Nuclear pores:

Answer 26

allow movement of molecules to and from cytoplasm

Question 27

______ is the site of ribosome assembly

Answer 27

Nucleolus

Question 28

Endoplasmic Reticulum has two portions, which include:

Answer 28

Smooth ER | Rough ER

Question 29

Smooth ER:

Answer 29

site of protein modification, glycogen and lipid synthesis, chemical detoxification

Question 30

Rough ER:

Answer 30

Large foldings with ribosomes on cytoplasmic surface

Question 31

The golgi interacts with the (smooth/rough) ER

Answer 31

Rough

Question 32

The golgi:

Answer 32

Receives, modifies, and packages proteins from RER

Question 33

Lysosomes:

Answer 33

Membrane vesicles that contain digestive enzymes

Question 34

Membrane vesicles that contain digestive enzymes

Answer 34

Lysosomes:

Question 35

Receives, modifies, and packages proteins from RER

Answer 35

The golgi:

Question 36

Mitochondria

Answer 36

Site of the chemical reactions of cellular respiration that supply most of the cellular energy

Question 37

The mitochondria have __ membranes that creates __ different spaces for molecules to interaction

Answer 37

2 | 3

Question 38

The mitochondria has 3 spaces which include:

Answer 38

Matrix (inside) Intermembrane space (middle) Cytoplasm (outside)

Question 39

The four main functions of the cytoskeleton are:

Answer 39

Support Transport Connection Movement

Question 40

3 main types of cell junctions: ________: provide stability ______: make water tight seals (communicating) _______: are spaces within proteins connecting two membranes providing for a continuous cytoplasm

Answer 40

Anchoring: Adherins: provide stability Tight junctions: make water tight seals Communicating Gap junctions: are spaces within proteins connecting two membranes providing for a continuous cytoplasm

Question 41

Tight junctions and adherins are mainly for _________ while gap junctions are for _______

Answer 41

Anchoring or joining junctions Communicating junctions allow the flow of ions