Lecture 3 Flashcards
Name the nine anatomical subdivisions
Right hypochondriac, epigastic, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right inguinal (iliac), hypogastric (pubic), left inguinal (Iliac)
Name the contents of each major quadrant
Right Upper: Right lobe of liver Gallbladder Duodenum Head of Pancreas Hepatic flexure of colon Part of ascending and transverse colon
LEFT UPPER Stomach Spleen Left lobe of liver Body of pancreas Splenic flexure of colon Part of transverse and descending colon
RIGHT LOWER Cecum Appendix Ascending colon Small intestine
LEFT LOWER
Small intestine
Descending colon
Sigmoid Colon
Describe the basic histology of the GI tract
Serous: the outer membrane; encloses several body cavities; secrete a lubricating fluid; outer epithelial layer (secretory) and inner layer (connective tissue with vessels)
Muscular: longitudinal or circular; responsible for movement of lumen contents
Mucosal: inner layer; lines internal organs or cavities exposed to external environment; secrete mucus; also involved in absorption
Describe the anatomy of the stomach
Cardial orifice – link to oesophagus
Pyloric orifice – link to small intestine
Lesser curvature (superior border)
Greater curvature (inferior border)
Pyloric and cardial sphincters
3 – layered muscles: longitudinal, circular, oblique
Describe the duodenum
Retroperitoneal
C shaped – 4 parts: superior, descending, horizontal, ascending
Where the duct from the pancreas + gall bladder open (bile and pancreatic juices)
Ends at the duodenal – jejunal flexure
Describe the jejunum and ileum
from duodenal - jejunal flexure to ileocaecal junction
Site of absorption: large surface area, further increased by circular folds + villi + microvilli; motility
Motility: one attached
and one free edges
Describe the large intestine
M shaped – 4 parts (from right to left): ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
Ascending/descending are retroperitoneal
Absorption of water, form faeces and expelling these
(defecating)
Rectum / Anus – sphincters close outside world except
when defecating
State the VAN and lymphatics of each part of the gut
A, V, L, Symp, Parasyp
Foregut: coeliac, portal, coeliac nodes, coeliac ganglia, vagus
Midgut: Sup mesenteric, Sup mesenteric, Sup mesenteric nodes, sup mesenteric ganglia, vagus
Hindgut: Inf mesenteric, Inf mesenteric, Inf mesenteric nodes, Inf mesenteric ganglia, pelvic splanchnic
What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery
Distal part duodenum to proximal 2/3 transverse colon
Jejunal and ileal branches
Middle colic
Right colic
Ileocaecal
What are the branches if the inferior mesenteric artery
Distal 1/3 transverse colon to half way down anal canal
Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal
What are the lymphatics relating to the midgut and hindgut
Superior mesenteric nodes and inferior mesenteric nodes
What is the sympathetic innervation of the gut
Splanchnic nerves-prevertebral
Sympathetic trunk and ganglia-Paravertebral
What is the parasympathetic Innervation of the gut
Vagus nerve and pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-S4)
