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Immunology Exam 1 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is recirculation?

A

the ability of lymphocytes to repeatedly:
home to secondary lymphoid organs
reside there transiently
and return to the blood

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2
Q

What is leukocyte homing?

A

cell migration out of the blood and into peripheral tissues, or a site of infection or injury

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3
Q

recruitment of leukocytes and plasma proteins from the blood to sites of infection and tissue injury is a major part of _____

A

inflammation

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4
Q

What triggers inflammation?

A

recognition of microbes and dead tissues in innate immune response

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5
Q

A cascade of adhesive and activation events underlies the trafficking of all subsets of circulating lymphocytes which include:

A

tethering
rolling
adhesion and stop
transmigration in the tissue

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6
Q

How does tethering occur?

A

through transit interactions of selecting and intern within their ligands

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7
Q

What does rolling allow?

A

chemokine receptors on leukocytes to bind chemokine expressed on endothelium

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8
Q

endothelial cells in healthy tissues do not express what?

A

adhesion molecules

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9
Q

_____ provide a low affinity interaction with their ligands

A

selectins

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10
Q

only _____ endothelial cells express p-selectin and e-selectin

A

activated

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11
Q

Where is L selectin only expressed?

A

leukocyts and lymphocytes

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12
Q

L selectin is important for naive T and B lymphocytes for _____ into Las by interacting with _____

A

homing; HEV (high endothelial venules)

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13
Q

What is the L selectin ligands expressed on HEV called?

A

peripheral node addressins

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14
Q

What is the distribution of P selectin?

A

endothelium activated by histamine or thrombin

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15
Q

What is the ligand of P selectin?

A

Sialyl Lewis X on PSGL-1 and other glycoproteins; neutrophils; monocytes; T cells

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16
Q

What is the distribution of E selectin?

A

endothelium activated by cytokines

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17
Q

What is the ligand of E selectin?

A

Sialyl Lewis X on glycoproteins, neutrophils, monocytes, T cells

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18
Q

What is the distribution of L selectin?

A

neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, B cells

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19
Q

What is the ligand of L selectin?

A

Sialyl Lewis X/ PNAd on GlyCAM-1 CD34, MADCAM-1 , others; endothelium (HEV)

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20
Q

Integrins provide _____ affinity interaction with their ligands

A

high

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21
Q

What is the definition of an integrin?

A

integrate signals triggered by extracellular ligands with cytoskeleton dependent motility, shape change and phagocytic responses

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22
Q

What do integrins do?

A

mediate adhesion of cells to other cells or to extracellular matrix via various specific ligands

23
Q

All leukocytes including B and T lymphocytes. monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils express what?

A

lymphocyte function associate antigen 1 or LFA-1

24
Q

What is the distribution of LFA-1?

A

neutrophils, monocytes, T cells and B cells

25
what is the ligand of LFA-1?
ICAM-1 and ICAM-2; endothelium
26
What is the distribution of Mac-1?
neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells
27
What is the ligand of Mac-1?
ICAM-1 and ICAM-2; endothelium
28
What is the distribution of VLA-4?
monocytes, T cells
29
What is the ligand of VLA-4?
VCAM-1
30
What is the distribution of a4B7 integrin?
monocytes, T cells, B cells
31
What is the ligand of a4B7 integrin?
VCAM-1, MadCAM-1; endothelium in gut and gut associated lymphoid tissues
32
How are integrins able to respond to intracellular signals?
by rapidly increasing their affinity
33
Integrin activation occurs in all leukocytes in response to what?
chemokine binding to chemokine receptors
34
What do chemokines do?
stimulate leukocyte movement and regulate the migration of leukocytes from blood to tissues
35
How many cysteines in C chemokines?
Single cysteine
36
What do the cysteines do in CC or B chemokines?
two defining cysteine residues are adjacent
37
In CXC or alpha chemokines what are the cysteine residues doing?
separated by amino acids
38
In CX3C chemokines what are the cysteine residues doing?
separated by three amino acids
39
Do neutrophils and monocytes that Aris in the bone marrow and circulate the blood need to be activated?
no
40
Dendritic cells bearing Ag enter the lymph node through ______ vessels
lymphatic
41
L selectin is expressed by both ____ and ____ lymphocytes
B and T
42
Where are HEV only present?
in secondary lymphoid organs
43
CCL2 major function
Mixed leukocyte recruitment (monocytes)
44
CCL5 major function
Mixed leukocyte recruitment
45
CCL19 major function
T cell and dendritic cell migration into parafollicular zones of lymph nodes
46
CCL21 function
T cell and dendritic cell migration into parafollicular zones of lymph nodes
47
CXCL8 function
Neutrophil recruitment
48
CXCL10 function
Effector T cell recruitment
49
CXCL12 function
Homing naive B cells to LNs
50
CXCL13 function
B cell migration into follicles; T follicular helper cell migration into follicles
51
XCL1 function
T cell and NK cell recruitment
52
CX3CL1 function
T cell, NK cell, and monocytes recruitment; CTL and NK cell activation
53
CCL 1 function
Monocyte recruitment and endothelial cell migration
54
CCL4 function
T cell, dendritic cell, monocyte and NK recruitment, HIV coreceptor

Immunology Exam 1 (5 decks)

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