Lecture 3

Question 1

Boyles law formula

Answer 1

P1 x V1 = P2 x V2

Question 2

According to Boyles law, as volume decreases pressure:

Answer 2

increases

Question 3

What is the relationship between pressure and volume according to Boyles law?

Answer 3

inversely proportional

Question 4

What is constant in Boyles law?

Answer 4

temperature

Question 5

Diaphragm contraction is an application of what law?

Answer 5

Boyles

Question 6

Squeezing the bag on the anesthesia machine is an application of what law?

Answer 6

Boyles

Question 7

Pneumatic bellows are an application of what law?

Answer 7

Boyles

Question 8

A 5L cylinder has 2200 psi. If pressure is reduced to 100 psi, you can calculate the volume change using:

Answer 8

Boyles law

Question 9

Charles’s Law formula:

Answer 9

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Question 10

Charles’s law says that the volume of gas changes in direct proportion to temperature at _____ rate for every gas.

Answer 10

same

Question 11

Which law? At constant pressure the volume of a gas increases or decreases in direct proportion to its temperature.

Answer 11

Charles’s Law

Question 12

According to Charles’s law, when heat is applied to a gas the gas will:

Answer 12

expand

Question 13

LMA rupture when placed in autoclave is example of:

Answer 13

Charles’s law

Question 14

Gay-Lussac’s Law formula

Answer 14

P1/T1 = P2/T2

Question 15

Which law? If the volume of gas is constant the pressure varies directly with temperature

Answer 15

Gay-Lussacs

Question 16

Heating a gas cylinder could result in an explosion. this is an example of:

Answer 16

Gay-Lussacs law

Question 17

What is constant in Gay-Lussacs law?

Answer 17

volume

Question 18

What is constant in Charles’s law?

Answer 18

pressure

Question 19

Which law? At equal temperature and pressure equal volumes of gas contain the same number of molecules regardless of their chemical nature and physical properties

Answer 19

Avogadro’s law

Question 20

Avogadro’s law states that as the number of particles of gas increase, the volume:

Answer 20

increases

Question 21

Ideal gas law formula:

Answer 21

PV = nrT

Question 22

One mole of any gas at 0º C will expand to

Answer 22

22.4 L

Question 23

Which laws combine to make up the ideal gas law?

Answer 23

Boyles, Gay-Lussac, and Charles

Question 24

Which law? The total pressure is the additive pressure of each individual gas in a mixture

Answer 24

Dalton

Question 25

Which law? Multiple gases in a mixture exert a pressure in proportion to its percentage in the mixture

Answer 25

Dalton

Question 26

Dalton law formula:

Answer 26

P1 + P2 + P3 + ... = P(total)

Question 27

Which law: The total number of gas molecules dissolved in a liquid varies directly with the partial pressure of the gas overlying the liquid at constant temp

Answer 27

Henry

Question 28

According to Henry's law, the higher the pressure of the gas, _________ it dissolves into a liquid

Answer 28

the more it dissolves

Question 29

How is solubility effected by temp?

Answer 29

lower temp = more soluble

Question 30

Emergence is prolonged in hypothermic patients because: | which law and why?

Answer 30

Henrys | gases are highly soluble at decreased temperatures. Less gas leaves the body by exhalation per unit time

Question 31

Overpressurizing a vaporizer is an example of:

Answer 31

Henry's law Overpressurizing a vaporizer on induction increases concentration at the alveolocapillary interface, hastens transfer to blood stream and brain.

Question 32

Increasing FiO2 or placing patient in hyperbaric chamber is an application of:

Answer 32

Henry's law | to improve oxygen dissolved in blood

Question 33

Which law? Describes the transfer rate (diffusion) of a gas through a tissue medium

Answer 33

Fick's

Question 34

Diffusion definition:

Answer 34

a process in which molecules move through pores and channels within the membrane

Question 35

Increased partial pressure difference does what to rate of transfer (and what law is it employing?):

Answer 35

increases rate of transfer | Fick's

Question 36

Increased diffusion coefficient does what to rate of transfer (and what law is it employing?):

Answer 36

increases rate of transfer | Fick's

Question 37

Increased solubility does what to rate of transfer (and what law is it employing?):

Answer 37

increases rate of transfer | Fick's

Question 38

Increased membrane surface area does what to rate of transfer (and what law is it employing?):

Answer 38

increases rate of transfer | Fick's

Question 39

Increased membrane thickness does what to rate of transfer (and what law is it employing?):

Answer 39

decreases rate of transfer Fick's (inversely proportional)

Question 40

Increased molecular weight does what to rate of transfer (and what law is it employing?):

Answer 40

decreases rate of transfer Fick's (inversely proportional)

Question 41

Diffusion hypoxia is a clinical application of:

Answer 41

ficks law

Question 42

Drug transfer across the placenta is a clinical application of:

Answer 42

Fick's law

Question 43

Cardiac output calculation is a clinical application of:

Answer 43

Fick's law

Question 44

A patient with COPD having a slower rate of inhalational induction is an example of which law?

Answer 44

Fick's law decreased alveolar surface area and increases membrane thickness both contribute to decreased rate of diffusion of gas through a tissue

Question 45

Identify the law: When a body is fully or partially submerged in a fluid (liquid, gas, or gas mixture), the fluid pushes it upward with a buoyant force equal to the weight of displaced fluid.

Answer 45

Archimedes principle

Question 46

Air in a syringe is a clinical example of

Answer 46

Archimedes principle

Question 47

Which principle is used in interventions to treat venous air embolism and how?

Answer 47

Archimedes principle - surgeon floods field with saline - trendelenberg - left lateral position when possible - removal of embolism through right heart catheter

Question 48

How do you calculate FiO2?

Answer 48

FiO2 = [(air flow rate x 21) + (oxygen flow rate x 100)] / total flow rate