Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacodynamics > Lecture 3- ADME > Flashcards

Lecture 3- ADME Flashcards

1
Q

permeation

A

movement of drug through barriers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

aqueous/passive

A

no energy required: high to low conc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ficks law

A

“helps determine how well drugs can cross membranes” involves aqueous diffusion and passive diffusion of molecules down a conc. gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

faster diffusion/absorption occurs when (ficks)

A

larger conc. gradients,
large area,
thin membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

c1 (ficks law)

A

higher conc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

c2 (ficks law)

A

lower conc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

area (ficks law)

A

that diffusion is occurring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

permeability coefficient (ficks)

A

measure of the mobility of drug mol. in the medium of diffusion path

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

thickness (ficks)

A

length of the diffusion path

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

the bigger the area, the thinner the membrane the ____ diffusion

A

faster diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

charged drugs are lipid ___ and water ____

A

insoluble, soluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

uncharged drugs are lipid ___ and water ___

A

soluble, insoluble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pKa

A

acid dissociation constant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HA

A

protonated acid, uncharged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A

A

unprotonated acid, charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

BH+

A

protonated base, charged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

B

A

unprotonated base, uncharged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

if pH equals pKa

A

50% protonated 50% unrpotonated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in order to cross membrane weak acids need to be _____ and weak bases need to be____; thus both are ____

A

protonated (acids)
unprotonated (bases)
both are uncharged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

endocytosis

A

cell engulf

-occurs when substance is too large or insoluble or impemeant to cell by pinching it off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

exocytosis

A

cell directs the contents of secretory vesicles out of the cell membrane, releasing a substance from the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

volume distribution

A

how far the drug distributes out into body tissue; either bloodstream (SMALL) or out into tissues (HIGH vd)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Vd (L) equation

A

(D)amt of drug in body/conc. in plasma (C0)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a high VD indicates

A

out into tissues = lipophilic (fat lovin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how can vd be decreased

A

plasma protein binding, dehydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how can vd be increased

A

renal failure or liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

metabolism

A

mechanism that terminates/alters the biologic activity of a substance

28
Q

prodrug

A

an inactive substance that must be converted by metabolism (liver) before it has biologic activity

29
Q

sites of metabolism

A

liver***

lungs, GI, skin, kidney

30
Q

what is the goal of metabolism

A

to convert xenobiotics into more water-soluble (polar) components for excretion

31
Q

phase 1 rxn

A

makes more water soluble (polar) either for the kidneys or for a phase 2 rxn

32
Q

major classes of phase 1 rxns

A

oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

33
Q

phase 2 rxn

A

add/alter molecule to increase water sol.

-conjugation, glucuronidation, sulfation

34
Q

define CYP2D6

A

CYP- cytochrome P450
2- family
D- subfamily
6- individual enzyme

35
Q

cyp 3A4

A

most drug interactions

36
Q

gut flora

A

vitamin K absorption

37
Q

what can impair hepatic drug metabolism

A 
-liver dz: alcoholics,
cirrhosis,
hepatitis,
Renal dz- fluid backup affecting liver
-cardiac dz
-endocrine
-genetic 
-diet
-age gender
-any dz that lower blood flow
38
Q

whats the most important enzyme system in liver

A

Cytochrome P-450 system

39
Q

what organ does elimination mainly occur?

A

kidneys

40
Q

where are weak acids excreted in?

A

alkaline urine

41
Q

where do weak bases excrete faster in?

A

acidic urine

42
Q

if weak acids are charged

A

less reabsorption occurs

43
Q

where does “trapping” occur

A

stomach, SI, breast milk, aqueous humar, vaginal/prostatic secretions

44
Q

clearance

A

volume of blood cleared of drug per unit time

45
Q

what happens to cr Clearance if age goes up

A

it declines

46
Q

what happens to crCl when wight increases

A

it goes up

47
Q

what happens when Serum clearance increases

A

crCl goes down

48
Q

half life (t1/2)

A

time it takes for the body to get rid half of the drug out of the system

49
Q

steady state

A

amount of drug coming in during a period of time is equal to the amount leaving the body at that same time frame

50
Q

first order elimination

A

elimination percentage-proportional to concentration

-most drugs follow

51
Q

zero-order (cap limited)

A

elimination of constant AMOUNT

-independent of conc.

52
Q

what is Ke

A

elimination constant
= cl/Vd
=(peak/trough)/changeintime

53
Q

what happens to Ke when Cl increases

A

cl/vd

ke increases

54
Q

what happens to Ke when vd increases

A

cl/vd

ke decreases

55
Q

formula for t1/2 and ke

A 
t1/2= 0.693/ke
ke= cl/vd

..
t1/2=0.693*vd/cl

56
Q

a larger vd has what effect on half life

A

increase

57
Q

a smaller cl will have what effect on half life?

A

increase

58
Q

what constant makes the avg steady state plasma drug level equal to the rate of drug admin?

A

clearance

59
Q

equation for avg conc. (steady state)

A

Css= Dose/( Cl*dosing interval)

60
Q

what effect does dose have on the Css

A

proportional, increase =increase

61
Q

what effect does increasing the dose interval have on Css?

A

decrease css

62
Q

how long is time to steady state

A

4-5 half-lives

63
Q

loading dose

A

gets pt to steady state immediately

-skipping 4-5 half lives by big dose, then intermittent

64
Q

amidirone

A

takes a year for elimination or something like that lol

65
Q

maintenance dose

A

administrating drug in such a way to maintain a steady state of a drug in body
(given after load dose)

66
Q

what is the best cure to toxicity, why?

A

tincture of time-gives body time to metabolize

provides good supportive care

67
Q

graph of zero order vs first order

A

zero order- straight line down (CONSTANT amount)

first order- curve line down (percent of drug)

Pharmacodynamics (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions