Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

COMPLEX > lecture 3 – cardio + ECG readings > Flashcards

lecture 3 – cardio + ECG readings Flashcards

1
Q

definition

sinus

A

conduction begain in SA node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

HR for sinus rhythm

A

60-100 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

it is possible to have a waveform on the ECG while the patient does have a pulse

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

definition

arrhythmia

A

conduction cycle does not begin in the SA node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the regularity for sinus rhythm?

A

regular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the PRI for sinus rhythm?

A

0.12 - 0.20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how many seconds is each box on an EKG strip?

A

0.04

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how long is the QRS wave on a sinus rhythm?

A

less than or equal to 0.12 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the QTI of a sinus rhythm?

A

less than 0.40 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sinus rhythm

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the nursing actions for sinus rhythm?

A

none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the HR for sinus brady?

A

< 60 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

every other data besides HR for sinus rhythm is the same for sinus brady & sinus tachy

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what causes sinus brady?

A
  • B-blockers
  • Ca+ channel blockers
  • post-cath lab procedures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the nursing actions for sinus brady?

A
  • assess BP, for syncope and SOB
  • prevent falls
  • administer Atropine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the patient has AMS & visible signs of hypoxia, their ECG shows sinus brady. what is the nursing action?

pt is SYMPTOMATIC

A

administer Atropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the MOA of Atropine?

A

elevates heart rate

indicated for sinus brady

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sinus brady

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the HR for sinus tachy?

A

100 -150 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

nursing actions for sinus tachy

A
  • check BP, for syncope and SOB
  • prevent falls
  • possibly administer B-blockers & Ca+ channel blockers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sinus tachy

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the PRI of A-fib?

A

none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the rate & regularity of A-fib?

A

none; it has irregular rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is it called when an A-fib has more than 100bpm?

A

rapid ventricular response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what causes A-fib?

A
  • MI
  • rheumatic heart disease
  • COPD
  • CHF
  • ischemia
  • CAD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what does the nurse need to check for a patient with A-fib?

A

INR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how does a patient with A-fib present?

A
  • CP
  • hypoxia
  • hypotension
  • SOB
  • decreased cardiac output
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the QTI of A-fib?

A

less than 0.40 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how long is the QRS wave of A-fib?

A

less than 0.12 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what causes atria to quiver and lead to A-fib?

A

chaotic ectopic current activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what are possible treatments for A-fib?

A
  • cardioversion
  • B-blockers
  • Ca+ channel blockers
  • Digoxin
  • possibly anticoagulant (hemostasis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

A-fib

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what is the HR of atrial flutter?

A

250 - 350 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

P waves are absent in atrial flutter

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

how long is the QRS complex in atrial flutter?

A

less than or equal to 0.12 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what are the causes for atrial flutter?

A
  • RHF
  • pericarditis
  • valve disorder
  • hyperthyroidism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

atrial flutter

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is the HR for V-tach?

A

100 - 250 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what is the characteristic of the QRS complex in V-tach?

A

wide and bizarre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

P waves are often buried in the QRS complex in V-tach due to rapid rhythm

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what is the rhythm for V-tach?

A

regular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

how is V-tach defined?

A

3 or more consecutive PVCs occur at a rate of 100 bpm

43
Q

what causes V-tach?

A
  • low Mg
  • low K+
  • CNS stimulants
  • digoxicity
  • AMI
44
Q

what are the priority nursing actions for V-tach?

A
  • check for pulse
  • check BP
45
Q

potential treatments for stable V-tach

pulse present

A
  • oxygen
  • 12-lead EKG
  • Amiodarone
  • check K+ & Mg
  • prepare for cardioversion (may turn unstable)
46
Q

potential treatments for unstable V-tach

pulse present

A
  • cardioversion
  • administer Amiodarone bolus + infusion
47
Q

what are the nursing actions for pulseless V-tach?

A
  • defib + CPR
  • activate code (ACLS certified)
48
Q

V-tach

A
49
Q

what is V-fib?

A

irritable ventricles send out rapid electrical stimuli

50
Q

how do ventricles act during V-fib?

A

they do not contract because they never depolarize

51
Q

conduction bypasses SA & AV node in V-tach

A

true

52
Q

how does the patient with V-fib present?

A
  • pulseless
  • no BP
  • no cardiac output
  • apneic
  • unresponsive
53
Q

what causes V-fib?

A
  • CAD
  • AMI
  • hypoxia
  • acidosis
  • cardiac catheterization
  • cardioversion
  • accidental electrocution
  • extreme hypothermia
54
Q

nursing priorities for V-fib

A
  • check ABC
  • begin CPR
  • defib
  • epinephrine
55
Q

V-fib

A
56
Q

what is the HR for supraventricular tachycardia?

A

150-250 bpm

57
Q

what does the QRS complex look on supraventricular tachycardia?

A

narrow; < 0.12 seconds

58
Q

what is the rhythm of supraventricular tachycardia?

A

regular

59
Q

what are the causes of supraventricular tachycardia?

A
  • stimulants
  • sepsis
  • stress
  • alcohol
60
Q

SVT

A
61
Q

what are the treatments for SVT?

A
  • vasovagal maneuver
  • baring down
  • carotid massage
  • Adenosine
  • Verapamil
  • ablation
  • cardioversion
  • anticoagulant for stroke prevention
62
Q

what is an angioplasty?

A

a procedure in which a balloon is inserted & inflated within a narrow or blocked artery

63
Q

what is CABG?

coronary artery bypass grafting

A

surgeon takes one piece of a blood vessel in other parts of the body & use it to reroute blood from a blocked artery

64
Q

what is the sequence for cardiac conduction?

A
  1. SA node
  2. AV node
  3. Bundle of His
  4. Purkinje fibers
65
Q

which node generates impulses?

A

SA node

66
Q

what are the causes of ST elevation?

A
  • low oxygen from CAD
  • elevated Potassium
  • blocked coronary arteries
67
Q

what are the major treatments for STEMI?

A
  • reperfusion
  • angioplasty
  • possible CABG
68
Q

how does STEMI manifest in the heart?

A

constant contraction of ventricles

69
Q

what are the s/s of STEMI?

A
  • hyperkalemia
  • diaphoresis
  • CP
  • elevated troponin
70
Q

what are the minor treatments for STEMI?

A
  • nitroglycerin
  • O2
  • Morphine
  • Aspirin
71
Q

what is another word for contraction?

A

depolarization

72
Q

what is another word for relaxation (of myocardium)?

A

repolarization

73
Q

what does the P wave represent?

A

atrial depolarization

atria squeeze blood into the ventricles

74
Q

what is cardiac ablation?

A

cauterization of erratic cells

75
Q

what does the QRS complex represent?

A

depolarization of ventricles

ventricles squeeze blood into the aorta or pulmonary artery (?)

76
Q

what does the T wave represent?

A

ventricle repolarization

77
Q

what is the most common lead to monitor?

A

Lead II

aligns w/ RA to apex of heart

78
Q

why is the presence of a P wave pertinent?

A

indicate the conduction started in the SA node as it should

79
Q

the width of the QRS complex is determined by the amount of time it takes for ventricles to repolarize

A

true

80
Q

what does an elevated ST segment indicate?

A

myocardium infarction

81
Q

what does the T wave represent?

A
  • the end of the conduction cycle
  • ventricle repolarization
82
Q

what does a peaked T wave indicate?

A

electrolyte imbalances

particularly K+

83
Q

5 lead ECG

A
  • clouds over grass
  • smoke over fire
  • Vhite on right
84
Q

what is the anatomical landmark for a V1 lead?

A

4th intercostal space

85
Q

indications

defibrillation

A
  • V-fib
  • pulseless V-tach
  • accompanied w/ CPR
  • only for EMERGENCY
86
Q

what is the priority nursing action for delivering shocks to a patient?

A

ensure absence of clots

87
Q

indications

cardioversion

A
  • V-tach w/ pulse
  • SVT
  • to reset SA NODE
  • low-energy shock only
  • do NOT deliver during T wave
88
Q

what is the MOA of Adenosine?

A

suppresses automaticity of pacemakers

leading to FLATLINE

89
Q

how is Adenosine administered?

A
  • fast & hard
  • followed by saline flush
90
Q

what are the nursing actions for asystole?

A
  • CPR
  • ET tube insertion
  • ACLS
  • Epinephrine
  • Vasopressin
91
Q

asystole is a shockable rhythm

A

false

92
Q

what does Amiodarone do for the heart?

A

slows cardiac conduction

93
Q

waveform interpretation

A
94
Q

what are the s/s of AV heart block?

A
  • CP
  • low SpO2
  • hypotension
  • lethargy
  • anxiety
  • palpitations
  • SOB
  • elevated HR
  • syncope

in other words, COLLAPSED

95
Q

what are first line of treatments for AV heart block?

A
  • B-blockers
  • Ca+ channel blockers
  • Digoxin
96
Q

what is the goal of treating an AV heart block?

A

restore AV node function

97
Q

what type of drug is Digoxin?

A

inotropic antiarrythmic

98
Q

what are second line of treatments for AV heart block?

A
  • Atropine
  • Dopamine
  • Epinephrine

also classified as VASOPRESSORS

99
Q

what is the third line of treatments for AV heart block?

A

pacemaker

100
Q

post-op care for pacemakers

A
  • immoblize arm
  • prevent infection
  • advise to avoid soaking, powders, & creams on the area
  • check pulse daily
101
Q

what are patients allowed to do when they have had pacemakers for about 2 weeks?

A
  • swim
  • drive
  • report dyspnea & dizziness
102
Q

why do patients with a pacemaker need an ID card?

A

it contains important information such as the make of their pacemaker, their doctor, or other precautions for events contraindicated with a pacemaker

103
Q

what do patients need to avoid when they wear a pacemaker?

A
  • MRI
  • metal detectors
  • stereos
  • earphones
104
Q

why do patients with pacemakers need to avoid contact sports and tight clothing?

A

avoid displacement of wires

COMPLEX (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions