Lecture 3 Cranial Nerves and Autonomics

Question 1

What are the three CN that are only special sensory?

Answer 1

I, II, VIII

Question 2

Which four CN are only somatic motor, except one that also provides parasympathetic innervation? Which one also provides parasympathetic?

Answer 2

III, IV, VI, XII

III

Question 3

Which four CN provide parasympathetic innervation?

Answer 3

III, VII, IX, X

Question 4

Which five CN provide branchial motor innervation?

Answer 4

V, VII, IX, X, XI

Question 5

Which four CN provide general sensory innervation?

Answer 5

V, VII, IX, X

Question 6

Which six CN provide special sensory innervation? Of these, which three are exclusively special sensory?

Answer 6

I, II, VII, VIII, IX, X

I, II, VIII

Question 7

Which two CN provide visceral sensory innervation?

Answer 7

IX, X

Question 8

Which four CN provide somatic motors innervation?

Answer 8

III, IV, VI, XII

Question 9

Which two CN provide visceral, general, and special sensory innervation? Which CN provides general and special sensory, but not visceral sensory?

Answer 9

IX, X

VII

Question 10

Which two branchial CN provide all five types of innervation? Which CN doesn’t provide visceral sensory innervation, but has the remaining four types of innervation?

Answer 10

IX, X

VII

Question 11

Which CN innervates structures for smell? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 11

I

Special Sensory

Question 12

Which CN innervates structures for vision? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 12

II

Special Sensory

Question 13

Which CN innervates all extraocular eye muscles except two? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 13

III

Somatic motor

Question 14

Which CN innervates muscles around the lens of the eye? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 14

III

Parasympathetic

Question 15

Which CN innervates only one eye muscle, the superior oblique? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 15

IV

Somatic motor

Question 16

Which CN innervates muscles of mastication and a few others? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 16

V

Branchial motor

Question 17

Which CN innervates sensory structures to practically all of the head? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 17

V

General sensory

Question 18

Which CN innervates only one eye muscles, the lateral rectus? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 18

VI

Somatic motor

Question 19

Which CN innervates muscles of facial expression and three others? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 19

VII

Branchial motor

Question 20

Which CN innervates all glands of the head, except the parotid gland and glands of the skin? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 20

VII

Parasympathetic

Question 21

Which CN innervates a small area of the ear and the external auditory meatus? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 21

VII

General sensory

Question 22

Which CN innervates for taste in the anterior 2/3 of tongue and (soft) palate? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 22

VII

Special sensory

Question 23

Which CN innervates structures for hearing and balance? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 23

VIII

Special sensory

Question 24

Which CN innervates the stylopharyngeus muscle? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 24

IX

Branchial motor

Question 25

Which CN innervates the parotid gland? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 25

IX | Parasympathetic

Question 26

Which CN innervates the carotid body/sinus? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 26

IX | Visceral sensory

Question 27

Which CN innervates the pharynx, middle ear, posterior 1/3 of tongue? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 27

IX | General sensory

Question 28

Which CN innervates for taste in the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 28

IX | Special sensory

Question 29

Which CN innervates the pharynx, larynx, and soft palate? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 29

X | Branchial motor

Question 30

Which CN innervates the smooth muscle and glands of the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 30

X | Parasympathetic

Question 31

Which CN innervates structures for visceral sensation from thorax and abdomen? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 31

X | Visceral sensory

Question 32

Which CN innervates a small area of the ear and tympanic membrane, dura mater of posterior cranial fossa, and larynx? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 32

X | General sensory

Question 33

Which CN innervates for taste in the epiglottis? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 33

X | Special sensory

Question 34

Which CN innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles? What type of innervation is it?

Answer 34

XI | Branchial motor

Question 35

Which CN innervates all intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles, except the palatoglossus muslce What type of innervation is it?

Answer 35

XII | Somatic motor

Question 36

What are the four special senses involved with the CN?

Answer 36

Smell, Vision, Taste, Hearing

Question 37

Which three CN are involved in providing innervation for taste?

Answer 37

VII, IX, X

Question 38

What are the two types of ganglia involved with cranial nerves?

Answer 38

Sensory and Autonomic (motor)

Question 39

Is the trigeminal gangliona 1st order or 2nd order neuron?

Answer 39

1st order.

Question 40

Where must the cell body of a lower motor neuron (LMN) be? Where is the upper motor neuron (UMN)?

Answer 40

In the CNS. In the motor cortex also in the CNS.

Question 41

T/F The preganglionic neuron of the parasympathetic system is the LMN

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What is another name for a visceral motor neuron?

Answer 42

Parasympathetic

Question 43

Which CN are go through the cavernous sinus? Which of these CN is deeper than the rest?

Answer 43

III, IV, V(V1, V2, not V3), VI. | VI

Question 44

What muscles does the CN XI innervate?

Answer 44

Trapezius and SCM

Question 45

CN XII innervates all muscles of the tongue except one. Which one? Which CN innervates this exceptional muscle?

Answer 45

Palatoglossus. | X

Question 46

All three divisions of CN V are general sensory but only one is also branchial motor? Which one is branchial motor?

Answer 46

V3

Question 47

Which CN supply the dura mater?

Answer 47

Primarily meningeal branches of V, X, and some XII

Question 48

How many branches does V2 have in the pterygopalatine fossa? What are they?

Answer 48

``` 7 PSA Zygomatic Greater Palatine Lesser Palatine Nasopalatine Posterior lateral nasal Pharyngeal ```

Question 49

What are the two branches V2 in the infraorbital canal?

Answer 49

MSA | ASA

Question 50

What are the three terminal branches of V2?

Answer 50

Inferior palpebral Lateral nasal Superior labial

Question 51

Where does V3 have most of its branches?

Answer 51

Infratemporal fossa

Question 52

What are the five branches of V3 in the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 52

``` Recurrent meningeal (Long) Buccal Auriculotemporal Lingual IA ```

Question 53

What are the three branches of VII in the facial canal?

Answer 53

Chorda tympani Nerve to stapedius musce in the middle ear Greater petrosal

Question 54

What are the five terminal branches of CN VII?

Answer 54

``` Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Mandibular Cervical Mnemonic: To Zanzibar By Motor Car ```

Question 55

What is the VII branch that innervates maxillary structures? How does CN VII get to its final maxillary destinations?

Answer 55

Greater Petrosal Nerve. | By hitchhiking on branches of V2

Question 56

What is the VII branch that innervates mandibular structures? How does CN VII get to its final mandibular destinations?

Answer 56

Chorda Tympani. | By hitchhiking on branches of V3

Question 57

Where do the branchial motor branches of CN VII emerge?

Answer 57

Some Inside facial canal Nerve to stapedius muscle. | Most in stylomastoid foramen

Question 58

What nerves do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII take from inside the facial canal?

Answer 58

Greater petrosal and Chorda tympani

Question 59

What nerve joins the greater petrosal to form the nerve of pterygoid canal? Where does the pterygoid canal go?

Answer 59

``` Deep petrosal (from internal carotid plexus) Goes to pterygopalatine fossa ```

Question 60

How do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII get to the lacrimal gland from the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 60

Hitchhike with zygomatic nerve of V2, then hitchhike further with the lacrimal nerve of V1 to the final destination (lacrimal gland)

Question 61

How do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII get to the mucus glands of the nose and palate from the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 61

Hitchhike with the nasopalatine nerve of V2

Question 62

How do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII get to the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 62

From facial canal they take the greater petrosal nerve and join the Deep petrosal nerve to form the nerve of pterygoid canal, which goes to the pterygopalatine fossa.

Question 63

How do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII get to the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 63

From facial canal take the chorda tympani thru middle ear and emerge from the petrotympanic fissure into the infratempral fossa

Question 64

How do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII get from the infratemporal fossa to the submandibular ganglion?

Answer 64

Hitchhikes with ligual nerve of V3

Question 65

Where do the parasympathetic fibers of CN VII go from the submandibular ganglion?

Answer 65

To the sublingual and submandibular glands

Question 66

Where do the general sensory fibers of CN VII go? Where do they exit the facial canal?

Answer 66

Some small areas in and round the ear. | Stylomastoid foramen

Question 67

Where are the cell bodies of the general and special sensory of CN VII?

Answer 67

geniculate ganglion inside the internal acoustic meatus

Question 68

Where do the special sensory fibers of CN VII go? Where do they exit the facial canal?

Answer 68

Anterior 2/3 of tongue. | Exit the facial canal into the middle ear

Question 69

What nerve do the special sensory fibers of CN VII take into the middle ear?

Answer 69

Chorda tympani

Question 70

Where does the chorda tympani exit the middle ear?

Answer 70

Petrotympanic fissure into the infratemporal fossa

Question 71

How do the special sensory fibers of CN VII get from the chorda tympani in the infratemporal fossa to the tongue?

Answer 71

Hitchhikes with the lingual nerve of V3

Question 72

What are the two pathways that IX nerve fibers reach its denstinationstions?

Answer 72

``` Jugular foramen Middle ear (after exiting from jugular f.) ```

Question 73

Where do all nerve fibers of IX exit the cranial cavity?

Answer 73

Jugular foramen

Question 74

Where do the branchial motor fibers of IX go?

Answer 74

Stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 75

Where do all three types of sensory fibers of IX go after exiting the jugular foramen? Where are their cell bodies?

Answer 75

Superior and Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia. The cell bodies are in these ganglia

Question 76

Where do the general sensory fibers of IX go from the Superior and Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia? Where else do the general sensory fibers of IX go and how do they get there?

Answer 76

Posterior 1/3 of tongue and pharynx. | Middle ear thru the tympanic canal into middle ear

Question 77

Where do the visceral sensory fibers of IX go from the Superior and Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia?

Answer 77

Carotid body and carotid sinus

Question 78

Where do the special sensory fibers of IX go from the Superior and Inferior glossopharyngeal ganglia?

Answer 78

Posterior 1/3 of the tongue for taste

Question 79

Where do the parasympathetic fibers of IX go after exiting the jugular foramen?

Answer 79

Takes the tympanic nerve thru the tympanic canal into middle ear

Question 80

What happens to the parasympathetic fibers of IX after they enter the middle ear via the tympanic nerve?

Answer 80

They form the tympanic plexus

Question 81

What happens to the parasympathetic fibers of IX after they leave the tympanic plexus?

Answer 81

The leave the tympanic plexus and middle ear by the lesser petrosal nerve

Question 82

What happens to the parasympathetic fibers of IX after they leave the middle ear via the lesser petrosal nerve?

Answer 82

The go through the foramen ovale into the infratemporal fossa

Question 83

Where do the parasympathetic fibers of IX after entering into the infratemporal fossa?

Answer 83

The otic ganglion

Question 84

Where do the parasympathetic fibers of IX go after synapsing in the otic ganglion?

Answer 84

Leave the otic ganglion and hitchhike with the auriculotemporal nerve of V3 and continue to the parotid gland

Question 85

Where do the branchial motor muscles of the X go?

Answer 85

Out of the jugular foramen to muscles of the pharynx, palate, and larynx

Question 86

Which muscles of the pharynx does X innervate?

Answer 86

All except except stylopharungeus (IX). | Superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

Question 87

Which muscles of the palate does X innervate?

Answer 87

All except tensor veli palatini - V3 Levator veli palatini Palatopharyngeus Palatoglossus

Question 88

Which muscles of the larynx does X innervate?

Answer 88

All of them

Question 89

Where do the parasympathetic fibers of X innervate?

Answer 89

Smooth muscle and glands of the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen up to left colic flexure (splenic flexure)

Question 90

Do the parasympathetic fibers of X synapse in any ganglia in the head and neck region?

Answer 90

No. Instead they synapse on or near the target organ

Question 91

What do the general sensory fibers of X innervate?

Answer 91

Dura of posterior cranial fossa, small areas around the ear and tympanic membrane, and larynx

Question 92

What do the visceral sensory fibers of X innervate?

Answer 92

Thorax and abdomen

Question 93

What do the special sensory fibers of X innervate?

Answer 93

Epiglottis for taste

Question 94

Where do all three sensory fiber types of X have their cell bodies?

Answer 94

Superior and inferior vagal ganglion

Question 95

What are the three ganglia in the cervical region that are the extension of the sympathetic chain from the thorax?

Answer 95

Inferior Cervical Ganglion (C7-C8) Middle Cervical Ganglion (C5-C6) Superior Cervical Ganglion (C1-C4)

Question 96

How do the post-ganglionic sympathetic fibers enter the head from their cervical synapse location?

Answer 96

They hitchhike on other nerves or blood vessels to reach structures in the head