Lecture 3.5 Neck muscles and fascia

Question 1

What does the superficial cervical fascia contain?

Answer 1

Subcutaneous tissue and platysma muscle

Question 2

What does the deep cervical fascia contain?

Answer 2

Investing fascia, pretrachial fascia, prevertebral fascia, carotid sheath

Question 3

What does the investing fascia envelop?

Answer 3

The entire neck

Question 4

Which fascia layer envelopes the trapezius and SCM muscles?

Answer 4

Investing fascia. It splits to surround these muscles on all sides

Question 5

Which glands are superiorly encapsulated by the investing fascia?

Answer 5

parotid and submandibular glands

Question 6

Does the pretrachial fascia envelop muscles?

Answer 6

No, it continues with the buccopharyngeal fascia superiorly and descends to mediasteinum

Question 7

What does the prevertebral fascia envelop?

Answer 7

Vertebrae and muscles

Question 8

Which fascia layers contribute to the carotid sheath?

Answer 8

The three layers of the deep fascia: investing, pretrachial, prevertebral fascias

Question 9

What muscle divides the posterior and anterior triangles of the neck?

Answer 9

SCM

Question 10

What fascia layers and/or muscles make up the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 10

Prevertebral fascia.

Splenius capitis muscle
Levator scapulae
Scalenes (Posterior, Middle, Anterior)

Question 11

Which muscles divides the posterior triangle into two triangles? What are the names of these two triangles?

Answer 11

Omohyoid (inferior belly).
Occipital triangle
Suprascapular

Question 12

What are the three muscles of the occipital triangle borders? Suprascapular triangle borders?

Answer 12

SCM, Trapezius, Omohyoid.

Omohyoid, SCM, Clavicle

Question 13

What structures make up the roofs of the posterior and anterior triangles?

Answer 13

Skin, superficial fascia with platysma muscle and deep investing fascia

Question 14

What makes up the floor of the anterior triangle?

Answer 14

Pharynx, larynx, thyroid

Question 15

What are the four subtriangles of the anterior triangle?

Answer 15

Submental, submandibular, carotid, muscular triangles

Question 16

Which anterior triangle is singular (not paired)? What are its boundaries?

Answer 16

Submental triangle down the midline of the chin.

The anterior belly of the digastric muscle on each side and they hyoid bone inferiorly.

Question 17

Which triangle is bounded by both bellies of the digastric muscle and the inferior border of the mandible?

Answer 17

Submandibular triangle

Question 18

Which triangle is bounded by the SCM, superior belly of omohyoid, and the posterior border of the digastric?

Answer 18

Carotid triangle

Question 19

Which muscles form the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

Answer 19

SCM, superior belly of omohyoid, and the sternohyoid

Question 20

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 20

Anterior and Posterior bellies of digastric
Mylohyoid
Hyoglossus
Geniohyoid
Stylohoid (stradles digastric at its tendon)

Question 21

What are the general actions of the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 21

Lift up larynx and hyoid in swallowing and speaking

Question 22

What are the general actions of the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 22

Pulling down hyoid and larynx

Question 23

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 23

Omohyoid
Sternohoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

Question 24

What are the prevertebral muscles of the neck?

Answer 24

Longus colli
Longus capitis
Rectus capitis anterior
Rectus capitis lateralis

Question 25

Where does the platysma muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 25

Superficial fascia of deltoid and pectoral regions. | Inferior border of mandible, some blend with risorius (a muscle of facial expression)

Question 26

What is the action of the platysma muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

Answer 26

Stretches tight the skin of the neck, depresses mandible. | VII

Question 27

Where does the SCM muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 27

Manubrium and medial third of clavicle. | Mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line

Question 28

What is the action of the SCM muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

Answer 28

Bilaterally: Flexes neck Individually: draws head to shoulder, turns face to opposite side. CN XI, and C2, C3

Question 29

Where does the trapezius muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 29

Spines of all thoracic and cervical vertebrae, ligamentum nuchae, inion, superior nuchal line. Inserts: Scapula, clavicle

Question 30

What is the action of the trapezius muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

Answer 30

``` Bilateral: extends head Individually: Tilts chin to opposite side Rotates and adducts scapula Elevates scapula and clavicle XI and C3, C4 ```

Question 31

Where does the splenius capitis muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 31

Ligamentum nuchae, lower cervical spines. | Mastoid process and superior nuchal line

Question 32

What is the action of the splenius capitis muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

Answer 32

Bilateral: extends head Individually: flexes head laterally, rotates head to ipsilateral side Nerve: segmented dorsal rami of cervical nerves

Question 33

Where does the levator scapulae muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 33

Transverse processes of four upper cervical vertebrae. | Scapula

Question 34

What is the action of the levator scapulae muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

Answer 34

Elevates and rotates scapula. | Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 35

Where do the scalene muscles originate? Where do they insert?

Answer 35

Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae. Posterior scalene inserts on second rib Middle and Anterior insert on first rib

Question 36

What are the actions of the scalene muscles? Which nerve innervates it?

Answer 36

Bilateral: flexes neck; Individually: flexes neck laterally Also along with SCM aid in forced inspiration by elevating the ribs and sternum Innervation: Posterior/Anterior Scalenes - ventral root of C5 to C8 Middle scalene: ventral roots of C3, C4

Question 37

Where does the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 37

Scapula | Intermediate tendon

Question 38

Where does the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 38

Intermediate tendon | Hyoid

Question 39

What is the action of the omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles? Which nerve innervates them?

Answer 39

Depresses hyoid and larynx | Ansa cervicalis

Question 40

Where do the sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 40

Manubrium | Insertion: hyoid, thyroid cartilage - respectively

Question 41

What is the action of the sternothyroid muscle? Which nerve innervates them?

Answer 41

Depresses larynx | Ansa cervicalis

Question 42

Where does the thyrohyoid muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 42

Thyroid cartilage | Hyoid

Question 43

What is the action of the thyrohyoid muscle? Which nerve innervates them?

Answer 43

Depresses hyoid | Thyrohyoid branch from C1 that hitchhikes on XII

Question 44

Where does the posterior belly of the digastric muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 44

Temporal bone | Intermediate tendon

Question 45

Where does the inferior belly of the digastric muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 45

Intermediate tendon | Digastric fossa of mandible

Question 46

What is the action of the posterior/inferior bellies of the digastric muscle? Which nerve innervates them?

Answer 46

Raise and elevate hyoid Posterior belly: VII Anterior belly: V3

Question 47

Where does the myloyoid muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 47

Mylohyoid line of mandible | Hyoid bone

Question 48

What are the actions of the mylohyoid muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

Answer 48

Elevate hyoid bone, base of tongue, and floor of mouth | V3

Question 49

Where does the geniohyoid muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 49

Genial tubercle of mandible | Hyoid

Question 50

What are the actions of the geniohyoid muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

Answer 50

Elevates and protracts hyoid bone | Ventral root of C1

Question 51

Where does the stylohyoid muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 51

Styloid process | Hyoid bone

Question 52

What is the action of the stylohyoid muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

Answer 52

Elevates hyoid | VII

Question 53

Where does the longus coli muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 53

Transverse process C3-C5. | Atlas and Bodies of T1-T3

Question 54

What is the action of the longus coli muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

Answer 54

Flex neck and head. | C2-C8

Question 55

Where does the longus capitis muscle originate? Where does it insert?

Answer 55

Anterior tubercles of C3-C6 | Base of skull

Question 56

What is the action of the longus capitis muscle? Which nerve innervates it?

Answer 56

Flex head | C1-C4

Question 57

Where do the rectus capitis anterior/lateral muscles originate? Where do they insert?

Answer 57

Atlas | Occipital

Question 58

What is the action of the rectus capitis anterior and lateral muscles? Which nerve innervates them?

Answer 58

Flex head | C1-C2