Lecture 3 - Inflammation Flashcards
(20 cards)
how is decreased venous return caused?
by blockage or obstruction of venous return, which causes congestion
how is hyperaemia caused?
caused by vascular dilation from chemical mediators or injury
how does congestion lead to fibrosis?
chronic congestion causes inflammation which then leads to fibrosis
how is hepatic congestion linked to damage to central veins?
increased central venous pressure causes the veins to expand which damages hepatocytes, this repeated cycle of damage lead to microheamorrhages and fibrosis around central veins
how is damage to hepatocytes linked to heart failure?
the fibrosis around central veins causes permanent dysfunction of the liver which causes increased venous pressure causing congestive heart failure
what is an indication of high central venous pressure?
cytoplasmic vacuolisation
what causes haemoseridin build up in the alveoli?
microhaemorrhages result in haemoseridin containing macrophages accumulating in the alveoli
what does build up of haemoseridin cause in the lungs?
causes chronic inflammation and fibrosis in interstitial lung tissue, leading to impaired gas exchange
what is exudation?
loss of protein from capillaries due to increased vascularity
how does exudation cause cause local swelling?
loss of proteins from capillaries causes lower water potential outside of the vessel so fluid leaves the vessels causing fluid build up
what is the advantages of fluid build up?
dilution of toxins present
what are the contents of fluid build up?
globulins, fibrin and healing factors
what is the function of a neutrophil?
phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms
what type of hypersensitivity are eosinophils associated with?
type I
what is the functions of eosinophils ?
killing of antibody coated parasites
what are the granulated immune cells?
basophils and mast cells
what is the function of macrophages?
phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms and antigen presentation
how is metabolic activity increased by inflammation?
activation of neutrophils
how does increased metabolic activity cause tissue damage?
increases the amount of oxygen and nitrogen intermediates being produced
how is damage from inflammation regulated?
by the intensity and duration of the response, and stimulation of fibroblasts
