Lecture 3 (kinda lecture 2) - body systems

Question 1

The nervous system (NS) is made up of what 2 parts

Answer 1

the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system

Question 2

what is the nervous system responsible for

Answer 2

Chiefly responsible for fast- acting, short-duration responses to changes in the body

Question 3

Central NS: made up of what

Answer 3

brain and spinal cord

Question 4

Peripheral NS: made up of what

Answer 4

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 5

what are the 3 main parts of The Brain

Answer 5

hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain

Question 6

what is in the hindbrain

Answer 6

Medulla, pons, cerebellum

Question 7

what is the hindbrain responsible for

Answer 7

Coordinates survival functions

Question 8

what is in the midbrains

Answer 8

Tectum, tegmentum

Question 9

what is the midbrain responsible for

Answer 9

Pathway for sensory/motor impulses moving between forebrain and hindbrain

Question 10

what is the forebrains made up of

Answer 10

1) Telencephalon
• Contains the two cerebral hemispheres
2) Diencephalon • Thalamus
• Hypothalamus

Question 11

what are Neurotransmitters

Answer 11

Chemicals that regulate nervous
system functioning and enable
neurotransmission

Question 12

Ex. Acetylcholine, serotonin,

GABA, glutamate examples of what

Answer 12

Neurotransmitters

Question 13

What are the 2 main parts that make up the nervous system?
a) The somatic and autonomic nervous systems
b) The sympathetic and parasympathetic
nervous systems
c) The central and peripheral nervous systems
d) The nervous system does not have 2 parts

Answer 13

c) The central and peripheral nervous systems

Question 14

what is the basic function of the endocrine system

Answer 14

Complements the nervous system in controlling bodily activities

Question 15

what is the endocrine system regulated by

Answer 15

the hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 16

what is the endocrine system chiefly responsible for

Answer 16

Chiefly responsible for slow-acting, long-duration responses to changes in the body

Question 17

what is the major player in the endocrine system

Answer 17

Adrenal Glands

Question 18

what are the Adrenal Glands

Answer 18

Small glands at top of each kidney

Question 19

what is the adrenal gland composed of

Answer 19

Adrenal medulla

Adrenal cortex

Question 20

what does the Adrenal medulla

Answer 20

stress –>releases catecholamines like

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 21

what does the Adrenal cortex do

Answer 21

stress –>release of glucocorticoids like cortisol

Question 22

The endocrine system is responsible for what kind of responses to changes in the body?
a) Slow-acting and short-duration b) Fast-acting and short-duration c) Slow-acting and long-duration d) Fast-acting and long-duration

Answer 22

c) Slow-acting and long-duration

Question 23

what does the Cardiovascular System do

Answer 23

transport system of the body

Question 24

what is involved in the cardiovascular system

Answer 24

heart, blood vessels and blood

arteries carry blood away from heart
•veins return blood tovards the heart

Question 25

what are the parts to the heart's pump

Answer 25

Diastole | Systole

Question 26

what does the Diastole do

Answer 26

Decreased pressure | Blood taken into heart

Question 27

what does the Systole do

Answer 27

Increased pressure | • Blood pumped out of heart

Question 28

what is Atherosclerosis

Answer 28

Cardiovascular System Disorder: plaques cause narrowing of the arteries

Question 29

what re the clinical manifestations of Atherosclerosis

Answer 29

Angina Pectoris: chest pain • Myocardial Infarction: heart attack • Ischemia: lack of blood flow

Question 30

Lyla is not in good shape. Every time she goes up stairs she feels pain in her chest. What does Lyla most likely have? A. AnAneurysm B. A phobia of stairs C. Phlebitis D. Atherosclerosis E. Angina Pectoris

Answer 30

E. Angina Pectoris

Question 31

what is the immune system

Answer 31

Surveillance system of the body

Question 32

what does the immune system influence/impact

Answer 32

Impacts infection, allergies, | cancer, and autoimmune diseases

Question 33

why do we have an immune system

Answer 33

Primary function to distinguish between “self” and foreign

Question 34

define Immunity:

Answer 34

Body’s resistance to injury from invading organisms | • develops naturally or artificially

Question 35

what are some terminology associated with immunity

Answer 35

Phagocytosis: • Lymph node: • Pathogen: •Antigen:

Question 36

what is Phagocytosis

Answer 36

when certain white blood cells ingest microbes

Question 37

what is Lymph node

Answer 37

is center where t and b cells are activated

Question 38

what is Pathogen

Answer 38

a foreign substance that can cause disease (virus, bacteria,...)

Question 39

what is Antigen

Answer 39

A pathogen’s identification flag

Question 40

what are the Types of Immunity

Answer 40

Nonspecific immunity | Specific immunity

Question 41

what is Nonspecific immunity

Answer 41

response to anything first three days typically macrophages phagocytosing microbes and prepping to activate specific immune response

Question 42

what is Specific immunity

Answer 42

after macrophages present antigen to both b and t cells, specific immunity processes begin

Question 43

Which of the following is correct? A. T cells produce antibodies B. B cells produce antibodies C. T cells are responsible for cell mediated immunity D. The lymphatic system is responsible for cell mediated immunity E. B&C

Answer 43

E. B & C

Question 44

what are some stressors

Answer 44

traffic jams, illness, exams, ...

Question 45

what are the negative effects of stress

Answer 45

depression, heart disease, high blood pressure, headaches, sleep problems,...

Question 46

what are our responses to stress

Answer 46

* Sympathetic Activation | * HPA Activation

Question 47

what is the Sympathetic pathway

Answer 47

* Part of the autonomic NS * Fight or flight * Entails: * Increased heart rate and blood pressure • Dilated pupils * Reduced digestion

Question 48

what is the HPA Axis

Answer 48

Part of the endocrine system • Entails: • Release of glucocorticoids • Release of catecholamines

Question 49

what does HPA stand for

Answer 49

Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal axis

Question 50

how to remember that HPA releases glucocorticoids?

Answer 50

Adrenal CORtex-->CORtisol (glucoCORticoid)

Question 51

what do Glucocorticoids do

Answer 51

regulatethingsyoudon’tfeel(immune,digestion

Question 52

what are Catecholamines (HPA)

Answer 52

regulatethingsyoufeel(heartrate,sweating)

Question 53

what produces Catecholamines

Answer 53

Adrenal Medulla-->epinephrine/norepinephrine | catecholamines

Question 54

is the HPA axis a negative or positive feedback loop

Answer 54

negative

Question 55

Which of the following is the correct combination/sequence? A. Hypothalamus-->adrenal-->pituitary B. ACHT-->CRF-->norepinephrine C. Cortisol = catecholamine, adrenaline = glucocorticoid D. Cortex-->glucocorticoid, medulla-->catecholamine E. More cortisol = more CRF and ACHT

Answer 55

D. Cortex-->glucocorticoid, medulla-->catecholamine

Question 56

give a summary of the function fo the nervous system

Answer 56

NS and endocrine system control system of the | body, mobilized in threat

Question 57

give a summary of how the endocrine system operates

Answer 57

• operates chemically and controls growth, helps function of NS

Question 58

give a summary for How the cardiovascular system works:

Answer 58

• transport system of body, speeds up in stress, | major cause of death

Question 59

give a summary for • The function of the immune system:

Answer 59

• wards off infection by producing infection- fighting cells

Question 60

give a summary for • The physiological systems involved in the stress response:

Answer 60

• stress response activates sympathetic NS and HPA