Lecture 3: mechanisms of evolution

Question 1

locus

Answer 1

physical location in/on a chromosome

Question 2

gene

Answer 2

a DNA sequence that encodes a product with a distinct function

Question 3

allele

Answer 3

variant

Question 4

genotype

Answer 4

the genetic constitution of an individual organism

Question 5

HW assumptions

Answer 5

no migration
no natural selection
infinite population size
no mutation
random mating

Question 6

mutations

Answer 6

the ultimate source of genetic variation

Question 7

what are mutations caused by?

Answer 7

errors in DNA replication, mitosis, meiosis. damage to DNA

Question 8

mutation rate

Answer 8

organisms with larger genomes tend to have higher mutation rate per bp per generation

Question 9

effects of mutations

Answer 9

can affect an organisms fitness.
mutations that have phenotypic effects often show pleiotrpy

Question 10

silent mutation

Answer 10

mutations with no effect on phenotype

Question 11

neutral mutation

Answer 11

mutations with no effect on fitness

Question 12

germline mutations

Answer 12

gametes: egg and sperm

Question 13

soma mutations

Answer 13

all other tissues