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PT9121 - Acute Care 1 > Lecture 3 - Mediastinum & Heart Anatomy > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Mediastinum & Heart Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the heart

A

A double muscular pump in middle mediastinum

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2
Q

The right side of the heart receives

A

Poorly oxygenated blood and pumps it to the lungs through the pulmonary trunk

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3
Q

The left side of the heart receives

A

Well-oxygenated blood and pumps it through aorta to distribute to the rest of the body

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4
Q

What are the 4 borders of the heart

A
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5
Q

Function of the right atrium

A
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6
Q

Function of the right ventricle

A
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7
Q

Function of the left atrium

A
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8
Q

Function of the left ventricle

A
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9
Q

Describe the cardiac cycle(6)

A
  1. De-oxygenated blood enters right atrium through SVC, IVC, and coronary sinus
  2. De-oxygenated blood enters right ventricle through tricuspid valve
  3. De-oxygenated blood enters pulmonary trunk through pulmonary valve to go to lungs
  4. Oxygenated blood enters left atrium from lungs through pulmonary veins
  5. Oxygenated blood enters left ventricle through bicuspid (mitral valve)
  6. Oxygenated blood enters aorta through aortic valve to be distributed through the rest of the body
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10
Q

How many pulmonary veins are at the heart

A

2 from right, 2 from left (4 in total)

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11
Q

Right atrium function

A
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12
Q

Label the right atrium

A
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13
Q

Fossa ovalis function

A
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14
Q

Coronary sinus function

A
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15
Q

Tricuspid valve function

A
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16
Q

Crista terminalis function

A
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17
Q

Pectinate muscle function

A
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18
Q

Right ventricle function

A
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19
Q

Label the right ventricle

A
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20
Q

Tricuspid valve function

A
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21
Q

Chorda tendinae function

A
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22
Q

Trabeculae carnae function

A
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23
Q

semilunar valve function

A
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24
Q

Papillary muscles function

A
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25
Q

Moderator band function

A
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26
Q

Left atrium function

A
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27
Q

Label the left atrium

A
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28
Q

Function of bicuspid valve

A
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29
Q

Left ventricle function

A
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30
Q

Label the left ventricle

A
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31
Q

Trabeculae carnae function

A
32
Q

Semilunar valve function

A
33
Q

What are the 2 phases of the cardiac cycle

A
  1. Diastole (filling phase)
  2. Systole (emptying phase)
34
Q

Describe the diastole (filling phase)

A
  1. Blood enters right and left atria
  2. Atrioventricular valves open
  3. Atria contracts and blood fills ventricles
35
Q

Describe the systole (emptying phase)

A
  1. Atrioventricular valve closes
  2. Ventricle contracts and propels blood to pulmonary trunk and aorta
  3. Aortic and pulmonary valves close
36
Q

What are the 2 heart sounds, what cardia phase do they occur in, and why do they occur?

A
37
Q

What are the 4 auscultation sites of the heart

A
38
Q

What 2 arteries supply the hear

A

Right and left coronary arteries

39
Q

Right coronary artery arises from

A

Right aortic sinus

40
Q

Left coronary artery arises from

A

Left aortic sinus

41
Q

What happens when the aortic valves close

A

Blood collects in the sinuses and then flows through the coronary arteries

42
Q

Right coronary artery travels in

A

Coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus

43
Q

What is the main branch of the left coronary artery

A

anterior interventricular

44
Q

The left coronary artery travels through

A

Interventricular sulcus

45
Q

The coronary veins carry

A

de-oxygenated blood from heart to right atrium

46
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Drains all blood into the right atrium

47
Q

Mediastinum is bounded by

A
  1. Superior thoracic aperture superiorly and diaphragm inferiorly
  2. Anteriorly by costal cartilages and sternum and posteriorly by thoracic vertebrae
  3. Lined laterally by mediastinal pleura (lungs)
48
Q

Is the mediastinum mobile?

A

Yes because the heart needs to pump and move a lot

49
Q

What are the contents of the mediastinum?

A
50
Q

What are the 4 compartments of the mediastinum

A
51
Q

Describe the location of the mediastinum

A

1) Lies posterior to sternum and innermost intercostal muscles
2) Lies anterior to middle mediastinum
3) Extends from superior mediastinum to diaphragm

52
Q

What does the anterior mediastinum contain (3)

A
  1. Internal thoracic arteries
  2. Fat and loose connective tissue
  3. Thymus (in children)
53
Q

Label the anterior mediastinum

A
54
Q

What are the contents of the superior mediastinum

A
55
Q

What are the vessels of the superior mediastinum

A
56
Q

Label the vessels of the superior mediastinum

A
57
Q

Describe the vessels of superior mediastinum and thoracic cage

A
58
Q

What are the 2 nerves of the superior mediastinum

A
  1. Vagus nerves
  2. Phrenic nerves
59
Q

What is the location of the vagus nerve

A
60
Q

What is the location of the phrenic nerve

A
61
Q

7 characteristics of the phrenic nerve

A
62
Q

4 characteristics of the vagus nerve

A
63
Q

What makes up the viscera of the superior mediastinum (3)

A
64
Q

What are the contents of the middle mediastinum (6)

A
65
Q

What are the 3 layers of the pericardium and describe them

A
66
Q

Fibrous pericardium fuses with

A

Great vessels

67
Q

Visceral serous pericardium is

A

part of the heart (epicardium)

68
Q

Serous pericardium

A

Forms the sac around the heart

69
Q

What are the contents of the posterior mediastinum (6)

A
70
Q

Name 5 characteristics of the thoracic aorta

A
71
Q

What are the 4 branches of the thoracic aorta and what do they supply

A
72
Q

List 4 characteristics of the esophagus

A
73
Q

List 4 characteristics of the thoracic duct

A
74
Q

List 6 characteristics of the azygous system

A
75
Q
A

PT9121 - Acute Care 1 (40 decks)

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