Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psy 102 > lecture 3 - neurons > Flashcards

lecture 3 - neurons Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of neurons

A

afferent
interneurons
efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

afferent neurons

A

take signs from body or environment to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

interneurons

A

neurons between neurons that integrate information
most numorous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

efferent

A

take signals from the brain to the rest of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

parts of the neuron

A

dendrites
soma
myelin sheath
axon
synapse
axon terminal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

action potential

A

electrical signal that is sent down the axon
communication within neuron = electrical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

soma

A
  • middle part of neuron
  • makes protein to repair different parts of the cell
  • makes chemicals to send to other neurons
  • passes down message to axon terminal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dendrites

A
  • detect chemical messages
  • other neurons will connect to them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

axon

A

passageway that send messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

axon terminal

A

end of the axons
- sends neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

synapse

A
  • junction between neurons
  • where neurotransmitters are released
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

myelin sheath

A

wrapped around axons to protect them and help increase action potential speed and make strong electrical messages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

depolarized

A

neurons become depolarized during an action potential when positive particles flow into the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

neuron at rest

A

is polarized
has a negative pole inside
positive pole outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

functions of gial cells

A
  • scaffolding: gives structure
  • nutrients and oxygen: gial bring nutrients to neurons
  • insulators: provide myelin sheath
  • house keepers: clean waste made by neurons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

presynaptic side

A

neuron that is sending a message on to the next one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

postsynaptic side

A

neuron that is receiving messages from another one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how synapse works

A

= chemical messages
presynaptic releases neurotransmitters into the synaptic gap and get recepted by receptors that send messages to postsynaptic neurons, which then becomes the pre as the cycle continues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

vesicles

A

little packets of neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

receptors

A
  • joining points
  • lock and key principle
  • only accept certain shapes
  • neurontransmitters will bind to the receptors if they are the right shape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Reuptake

A

unused neurotransmitter is reabsorbed by pre-synaptic neuron
without it, neurotransmitter would just keep activating the postsynaptic neuron

22
Q

excitatory neurotransmissions

A

transmitter is sent out that excites the next neuron (accelerates it0

23
Q

inhibitory

A

makes sure that the next neuron is less likely to send an action potential
stopper/braker

24
Q

types of neurotransmitters

A
  • glutamate
  • GABA
  • dopamine
  • endorphines
  • serotonine
25
Q

glutamate

A
  • implicated with memory and learning
  • accelerates
26
Q

GABA

A
  • inhibitor
  • strongly implicated in learning and memory
27
Q

dopamine

A
  • excites and inhibits
  • different types of receptors
  • receptors determine what it willl do
  • dopamine rewards learning and motivates
28
Q

endorphins

A
  • inhibits pain signals
29
Q

serotonin

A
  • excite or inhibit
  • implicated in well-being and mood
30
Q

peripheral nervous system

A
  • somatic
  • automatic –(sympathetic & parasympathetic)
31
Q

Somatic nervous system

A
  • voluntary motions
  • touch and pain info
32
Q

autonomic nervous system

A
  • involuntary movements
  • includes sympathetic and parasympathetic
33
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A
  • prepares for action
34
Q

parasympathetic

A
  • rest and digest
35
Q

central nervous system

A
  • command center
  • brain and spinal cord
36
Q

cerebral cortex

A

outer layer of brain

37
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separates left and right hemisphere

38
Q

sulci

A

grooves all over the brain (inside folds and wrinkles)

39
Q

gyri

A

ridges on brain (upper part of folds and wrinkles)

40
Q

corpus callosum

A
  • means hard body
    lets right and left hemispheres communicate w each-other
41
Q

brain stem

A
  • pons: sleep cycle
    -medulla: automatic system
  • midbrain: sends sensory to cortex
42
Q

cerebellum

A
  • little brain
  • controls movement, language, and timing
43
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A
  • frontal
  • pariental
  • occipital
  • temporal
44
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • planning
  • motor cortex
  • language
45
Q

parietal lobe

A

-somatosensory (touch) cortex
- integrates sensory info

46
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

47
Q

temporal lobe

A
  • hearing
  • vision
  • language
48
Q

phineas gage

A
  • phineas gage
  • pole went through his frontal lobe and changed his behaviours
  • he became more impulsive
49
Q

problems with studying brain damage

A
  • not reliable because can vary from person to person
  • global damage: damage can affect more than one are
50
Q

electrical stimulation

A
  • dr. penfield
  • stimulates certain parts of the brain to find the problem area (where seizures were happening)
51
Q

fMRI

A
  • measures blood flow
  • pro: good spatial resolution
  • con: time resolution
  • cant see fluctuation between miliseconds
52
Q

EEG

A
  • a bunch of sensors measure fluctuations
  • pro: time can see evry fluctuation per millisecond
  • con: poor spatial resolution
  • much less expensive than fMRI

psy 102 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions