Lecture 3 part deux Flashcards
What are the general characteristics of Clostridium?
Gram positive bacilli.
- Anaerobic
- spore forming
- Most are motile
- Most species secrete toxins or produce an enzyme
- Natural habitat is soil and decaying matter
How are humans infected with clostridium?
It could be exognous but most likely infected from the persons own flora.
Whats the pathogenisis of clostridium perfringens?
Causes gas gangrene and clostridial food poisioning.
-Produces 5 different toxins from A-E and A is most common in humans.
What is gas gangrene? (Caused by clostridium)
- Its toxin mediated muscle breakdown caused by bacterial growth.
- Alpha toxin is produced and causes lysis of WBC and hemolyisis of RBCs.
- relatively rare.
What is clostridium food poisoning? What are the symptoms?
Its the 3rd most common cause of food poisoning in the U.S
- Associtated with protein rich foods such as roasted meat.
- The enterotoxin is a part of the spore coat.
- High inoculum .
- mild symptoms; Abdominal pains, cramps and diarrhea.
What is the pathogenisis of clostridium botulinum?
Botulus sausage:
-There are 7 types of toxins from A-G
- A, B, E, F are human toxins
- Causes food botulism, wound botulism and infant botulism.
What is the medical importance and pathogenisis with food botulism?
- Intoxication of the toxin.
- Long time to develop symptoms.
-Improparly canned food can form a heat labile toxin that causes flaccid paralysis.
what are the early symptoms of food botulism?
- weakness, difficulty speaking, chewing and swallowing. Difficulty focusing and double vision.
- Later symptoms; include general weakness and paralysis of respiratory muscles leading to suffocation and death.
How to prevent getting food botulism?
-Examine canned food and avoid it if it looks gross, foul odor or it spurts liquid when open.
What is the medical importance and pathogenisis of clostridium botulinum; would botulism?
Due to deep pentration or puncture infected with spores.
- infection is due to production of botulism toxin.
- Its very common with IV drug users. and the rise use of brown heroine is causing it to be the #1 form of botulism in U.S.
Tooth abscess wound botulism has also been reported.
What is the medical importance and significance of infant botulism?
- its due to ingestion of spores
leads to paralyisi of GI system and that leads to constimpation.
Usually occurs ot babay who have honey and theyre under the age of 1.
So no honey for children under the age of 1.
Most likely children will make a full recovery, no real need for antibiotics.
What is the pathogenisis of the botulim toxin?
Its an A-B type toxin. It gains access to nerve usually via endocytoisis.
-It inhibits acetylecholine release and thats how it usually functions as it interferes with nerve impulses
-Botulinum toxin usually leads to flaccid paraylisis in muscles.
What are the effects of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A)
Its used for botox treatments, TMJ and over blinking.
- its first discovered after injecting botox to an over active muscle and it worked by blocking release of acteylecholine.
What is clotridium tetnai?
The causal agent of tetnus.
- HIGH MORTALITY RATE for tetnus.
-Terminal spores are heat resistant so its resistant to autoclaving and antiseptic
What are the results of clostridium tetnai?
-due to small puncture or wounds. It starts local then it grows systemic as it binds to neuro inhibitors and that causes SHIT TO GO CRAZY.
like rigidity and spasms of muscles.
Treatment is antitoxin and usually death is due to repiratory muscles fuck up
