Lecture 3 Sensory Integration and Sensory Processing

Question 1

What is Neurodiversity

Answer 1

The natural diversity of human brains

The fact that all human beings vary in the way our brains work

• Takes information in different ways

-Process it in different ways

• Thus behave in different ways

Question 2

What are the 4 components of the Neurodiversity Paradigm

Answer 2

1) Neurodiversity is naturally occurring

2) No one way of being is better than another

3) Neurodiversity operates like other equality and diversity dimensions

4) Strength in diversity itself- collective, not individual, value

Question 3

Define Neurodivergent

Answer 3

A person whose brain functioning differs from what is considered “normal”

Question 4

Define Neurotypical

Answer 4

A person whose brain functioning is considered “normal”

Question 5

Define Neurodiverse

Answer 5

A group of people with different types of brains

Question 6

What is Dun’s Model of Sensory Processing (2007)

Answer 6

• Sensory processing = Refers to the way the nervous system responds to sensory stimuli from the environment
• Sensory Modulation- Refers to how one regulates in response to sensory stimulation
• Sensory discrimination essentially references the ability to accurately distinguish and differentiate different sensory stimuli

Question 7

What does High threshold reference in Dunn’s model

Answer 7

Needs a lot of simulation in order for their nervous system to get active and engaged

Question 8

What does Low threshold reference in Dunn’s Model

Answer 8

Does not need a lot of stimulation to get the nervous system reacting.

Question 9

What does High-Passive considered in Dunn’s model

Answer 9

Hyporactive- Low registration

Question 10

What is Low-Passive in Dunn’s model

Answer 10

Hyper-reactive- Sensory Sensitive

Question 11

What is High-Active in Dunn’s Model

Answer 11

SEnsory Seeking

Question 12

What is Low-Active in Dunn’s Model

Answer 12

Sensory Avoiding

Question 13

What are Vestibular Structures

Answer 13

Within the inner ear, it detects movement and changes in the position of the head. Processes information about movement, gravity, and balance.

Question 14

What are Proprioceptive-Components

Answer 14

Muscles, joints, and tendons provide awareness of body position. Processes information about body position and body parts.

Question 15

Why is it important that the sensory systems function in an integrated fashion.

Answer 15

If the systems cannot function efficiently, separately or together, it affects a child’s ability to interact successfully with his or her surrounding environment. This impacts their ability to be successful in many areas, especially interpersonally and academically.

Question 16

Dunn’s: Sensory Processing

Answer 16

Refers to the way the nervous systems responds to sensory stimuli from the environment

Question 17

Dunn’s: Sensory Modulation

Answer 17

Refers to how one regulates in response to sensory stimulation

Question 18

Dunn’s: Sensory Discrimination

Answer 18

Essentially references the ability to accurately distinguish and differentiate different sensory stimuli

Question 19

Sensory-Based Motor Skills

Answer 19

The motor responses/ behaviors/ actions that occur in response to sensory stimuli

Question 20

Sensory-Processing Patterns

Answer 20

Individuals unique sensory processing patterns, which may be related to their sensory modulation, sensory discrimination, and sensory-based motor skills

Question 21

Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD)

Answer 21

A condition where an individual’s sensory processing is atypical, causing difficulties in daily life. It can manifest as hypersensitivity, hyposensitivity, or sensory-seeking behaviors

Question 22

Sensory Integration

Answer 22

The organization of sensation from the body and the environment for use

Question 23

The Sensory System (From Five to Eight)

Answer 23

1) Tactile- Nerves underneath the surface of the skin register sensation and send messages to the brain.

2) Taste

3) Smell

4) Sight

5) Sound

6) Proprioception

7) Vestibular Functioning

8) Interoception

Question 24

What is Proprioceptive

Answer 24

Components of muscles, joints, and tendons that provide awareness of body position.

Processes information about body position and body parts

Question 25

What is an important point to remember about the sensory system

Answer 25

It is not only critical that each sensory system operates well but that these symptoms function in an integrated way. If the systems cannot function efficiently, separately or together, it affects a child's ability to interact successfully with their environment. This can impact their ability to be successful in many areas.

Question 26

Interoception

Answer 26

- The sense of the internal state of the body that is both conscious and unconscious. - It is central to basically everything, including sense of self, thought, emotion, and most critically self regulation

Question 27

Attributes of the Stimulus: Modality

Answer 27

The stimulus tactile, proprioceptive, vestibular, visual auditory (Stimuli can be multimodal!)

Question 28

Attributes of the Stimulus: Intensity

Answer 28

Not all input has the same intensity (Shouting vs. whispering, but both are auditory)

Question 29

Attributes of the Stimulus: Duration

Answer 29

Initial contact and how long effect lasts in system (Visual and Vestibular input)

Question 30

Attributes of the Stimulus: Location

Answer 30

Where sensory input was received. (The difference between light touch on the face vs. the hand)

Question 31

Sensory Co-Morbid Problems

Answer 31

-ADHD: the child's unusual responses to being touched or touching/ being moved -Down Syndrome -Fragile X -Poor eating habits -Poor motor planning

Question 32

Symptoms of Dysfunction in the Tactile System

Answer 32

-Avoiding touching/ craving touch -Food/Clothing preferences -Aversion/ craving to washing, brushing teeth, combing hair, clipping nails -Using fingertips rather than the whole hand/ using only the hand -Hypo/hypersensitive to pain

Question 33

Vestibular System: Hypersensitivity

Answer 33

-Fearful of ordinary movement activities (Swings, slides, ramps, stairs) -Fearful of uneven or unstable surfaces -Clumsy in appearance -Generally fearful

Question 34

Vestibular System: Hyposensitivity

Answer 34

-Actively seeks out very intense sensory experiences (jumping, spinning, crashing)

Question 35

Dysfunction Symptoms in the Proprioceptive System

Answer 35

-Clumsiness/accident prone -Tendency to fall -Lack of awareness (hunger, thirst, elimination) -Difficulties with body awareness (Where the body is in space) - Odd body posturing -Difficulty manipulating small objects -Difficulties with motor planning

Question 36

What is Hyperreactive Sensitivity in children

Answer 36

Children tend to have a sympathetic nervous system bias. Their behavior is characterized by high arousal, an inability to focus attention, negative affect, and impulsive or defensive action.

Question 37

What happens to hyperactive children

Answer 37

These children may engage in some sensory-based activities they find organizing in an attempt to manage their hyperactivities. This may include pressure touch, heavy work, or physical exercise -Often described as insecure -Often labeled tactile, visually, or sensory defensive

Question 38

Sensory Avoiders

Answer 38

They try to manage sympathetic nervous system bias by withdrawing from excitatory input. These protective reactions help them modulate their arousal, but attention is often hyper-vigilant as they attempt to avoid sensory overload

Question 39

Hyporeactive

Answer 39

Children tend to have a parasympathetic nervous system bias. Their state of arousal is usually decreased. There is a prolonged latency in maintaining focused attention

Question 40

Sensory Seekers

Answer 40

Children try to manage the parasympathetic nervous system bias by actively pursuing excitatory sensory input. The least common regulatory response

Question 41

Instruments used for Direct Clinical Observation of Children

Answer 41

Test of sensory Function in Infants (4-18 months) De-Gangi Berk Test of Sensory Integration The Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) (4 to 9 years of age).