Lecture 3: Suspensions

Question 1

Primary literature in CNSP

Answer 1

Clinical studies and reports
original research in scientific reviewed journal articles

Question 2

Secondary literature

Answer 2

summarizes and synthesizes primary literature
books, review articles (summary)

Question 3

Tertiary literature

Answer 3

summarizes and condenses info from primary and secondary sources
textbooks, databases

Question 3

Tertiary literature

Answer 3

summarizes and condenses info from primary and secondary sources
textbooks, databases

Question 4

What are we looking for in literature?

Answer 4

Compounding formulas
solubility, compatability, and BUD info
Process guidelines, regualtions, laws

Question 5

Advantages of oral liquid forms

Answer 5

accomodates precise, non-standard dosing
easy to give

Question 6

Disadvantages of oral liquid forms

Answer 6

Often less stable - shorter BUD
difficult to mask bad taste/smell
specific storage conditions (keep refrigerated)
Safety of dosing: measure devices/ability, variation in standard concentrations

Question 7

Types of oral liquid dosage forms

Answer 7

1. solutions
2. suspensions
3. emulsions

Question 8

Oral solution examples

Answer 8

syrups, tinctures, elixirs, spirits

Question 9

ASHP standarize 4 safety

Answer 9

Standardization to reduce error
1. use commercial product first, limit once concentration
2. must have primary lit support w/ stability studies
3. consider taste/palatability
4. reimbursement

Question 10

Properties of suspensions

Answer 10

1. fine, uniform particles
2. dispersion of particles in liquid vehicle
3. slow settling of particles
4. ease of dispesion when shaken

Question 11

Factors of a good suspension (4)

Answer 11

1. small particle size/diameter
2. similar density of liquid and solid
3. increase viscosity of suspending liquid
4. easy redispersion

Question 12

Ways to decrease suspension particle size

Answer 12

Trituration

Question 13

Ways to decrease difference in density between solid and liquid

Answer 13

use sucrose, glycerin, or sorbitol

Question 14

How to increase viscosity of suspending liquid

Answer 14

Acacia, methylcellulose

Question 15

Ways to improve redispersion of suspensions

Answer 15

1. electrolytes (weak bonds, break apart easily when shaken)
2. suspending vehicles (ora-plus)

Question 16

Counseling pearls for suspension

Answer 16

Storage: fridge if needed
Shake well (suspensions/emulsions)

Question 17

Suspension compounding techniques

Answer 17

Wetting: when liquid displaces the air at the surface of the solid so that liquid spontaneously spreads over the surface of the solid
Wetting agents: surfactants (dispalces air, allows mixing)

different considerations for hydrophilic vs hydrophobic powders

Question 17

Suspension compounding techniques

Answer 17

1. Wetting: when liquid displaces the air at the surface of the solid so that liquid spontaneously spreads over the surface of the solid
   Wetting agents: surfactants (dispalces air, allows mixing)
   Ex: alcohol, glycerin, propylene glycol
2. bottle calibration

different considerations for hydrophilic vs hydrophobic powders

Question 18

suspension compounding procedure

Answer 18

1. put active drug in mortar
2. add small amounts of wetting vehicle and mix to form uniform paste
3. adding simple syrum geometrically, mix well after each addition
4. transfer to calibrated bottle, rinse mortal with vehicle, add quantity of vehicle sufficent to make ___ml
5. add rx label and aux stickers “shake well, refrigerate” and dispense