Lecture 3: The Peripheral Nervous System and Cranial Nerves Flashcards by Curtis and Harold project for everyone

What are the three ways to categorize the peripheral nervous system?

Motor or sensory
General (widespread) or Specialized (local)
Somatic (outer tube) or Visceral (inner tube)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the sensory receptors of the peripheral nervous system for:

-pick up stimuli from inside and outside the body, then initiate impulses in sensory axons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the motor endings of the peripheral nervous system for:

-the axon terminals of motor neurons that innervate the effectors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the group of nerves of the peripheral nervous system made up of:

-bundles of peripheral axons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do mixed nerves contain:

-contain both sensory and motor axons

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cranial nerves are purely _______ or purely ______ in function.

sensory

- motor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the ganglia of the peripheral nervous system:

-cluster of peripheral neuronal cell bodies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the somatic sensors:

touch
pain
pressure
vibration
temperature
proprioception in the skind, body wall, and limbs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the special somatic sensory:

hearing
equilibrium
vision

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the visceral sensory:

Stretch
pain
temperature
chemical changes,
irritation in viscera, nausea, and hunger

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the special visceral sensory:

Taste

- Smell

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the somatic sensory:

GENERAL:

-Motor innervation of all skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where do motor axons innervate skeletal muscle fibers at neuromuscular junction:

-motor end plates

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is noriepinephrine breakdown is done by:

-MOA

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A thin layer of connective tissue which wraps around each nerve fiber is:

-endoneurium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A loose connective tissue between nerve fibers:

epineurium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A connective tissue which wraps around bundles of nerves

Perineurium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What SENSORY receptor of the peripheral nervous system detect mechanical deformation of the receptor or of cells adjacent to the receptor:

-mechanoreceptors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What SENSORY receptor of the peripheral nervous system detects pain, damage to tissue (physical or chemical)

Nociocceptors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What SENSORY receptor of the peripheral nervous system detects light on the retina:

Electromagnetic receptors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What SENSORY receptor of the peripheral nervous system detects taste, smell, oxygenation, osmolality:

chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Receptor types based on morphology found in the dermis and slowly adapt to change in pressure:

Ruffini Endings

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Receptor types based on morphology found in hairless portion of skin and highly discriminat tactile receptors:

meisner corpuscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Receptor types based on morphology for vibration is:

Pacinian corpuscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Receptor types based on morphology of encapsulated receptors that perceive muscle stretch:

Neuromuscular spindles and neurotendonous organs of golgi

What is the spinal cord artery one on each side, arises from vertebral arteries and extends to cauda equina:

-Posterior Spinal artery

What is the spinal cord artery that also arises from vertebral artery, extends to filum terminale:

-Anterior spinal artery

The spinal cord artery blood supply is reinforced by intercostals in the thoracic region, and also by lumbar arteries in the lumbar region:

-radicular arteries

What spinal cord supplies most of the spinal cord:

Anterior spinal artery

T/F: The Cauda equina is also known as the horse's tail.

TRUE

_____ roots sensory fibers arising from cell bodies in _______ root ganglia.

-Dorsal -Dorsal (Sensory-Afferent-Dorsal)

______ roots motor fibers arising from anterior gray coumn of spinal cord.

Ventral | Motor-Efferent-Ventral

What ventral rami do not form a plexus:

Thoracic

What is a nerve plexus:

-networks of successive ventral rami that exchange fibers (cisscross and redistribute)

What nerve roots form the cervical plexus:

C1 to C4

What does the cervical plexus innervate:

-muscle and skin of the neck and shoulder

What is the phrenic nerve:

- C3 to C5 | - Sole motor supply of the diaphragm

What is the branchial plexus:

- C5 to T1 | - Innervate the upper extremity

What are the nerve names that are in the brachial plexus:

- Musculocutaneous (are flexors) - Median (anterior forearm muscles and lateral palm) - Ulnar (Anteromedial muscles of forearm and medial hand) - Axillary (to deltoid and teres minor) - Radial (to posterior part of limb) - Radial

What is the lumbar plexus:

-L1 to L4

What does the lumbar plexus (L1 to L4) innervate:

- Lies within the psoas major muscle - Innervates anterior and medial muscles of thigh through femoral and obturator nerves respectively - Femoral nerve also innervates skin on anterior thigh (includes quads and medial leg)

What is the sacral plexus:

- L4 to S4 | - Supplies muscles and skin of posterior thigh and almost all of the leg

The large sacral nerves belongs to what plexus and innervates what:

- Tibial nerve (Most of hamstrings, calf, and sole) - Common fibular nerve (muscles of anterior and lateral leg and skin) - Other branches supply pelvic girdle (gluteus muscle) and perineum (pudendal nerve)

______ tracts are those which travel toward the brrain are sensory.

Ascending

______ tracts are those which travel away from the brain are motor.

Descending

Spinothalamic tract tells us the impulse origin from the _____ to the ______ and is it afferent or efferent?

- spine - brain - afferent

Corticospinal tract tells us the impulse origin is from the b_____ to the ______ and is it afferent or efferent?

- brain - Spine - efferent

What fasciculus belong to the dorsal column medial lemniscus: (sensory or motor)

- Gracile fasciculus - Cuneate fasiculus -SENSORY

What Fasciculus belong to the Anteriolateral system: (Sensory or Motor)

- Lateral spinothalamic tract - Anterior spinothalamic tract -SENSORY

How does the dorsal column-medial lemniscus tract run up the spine and to the brain:

1. Spinal Cord 2. Crosses the medulla 3. travels to the thalamus via medial lemnisscus (which are large, fast, meylinated nerve fibers)

What type of function does the dorsal column medial lemniscus do:

- touch sensation - vibration - proprioception (stereogensesis) - Fine pressure

How does the anterolateral system tract run up the spine and to the brain:

1. Dorsal horn of spinal grey mater 2. Crosses to opposite side of cord 3. Ascends to the brain stem and thalamus (Smaller, slower, myelinated)

What function does the anterolateral system serve?

- Pain - Temperature - Crude touch - Tickle/itch - Sexual sensation

What function does the lateral spinothalamic tract serve?

-pain and temperature

What function does the ventral spinothalamic tract serve:

-crude touch

What function does the fasciculus gracilus and cuneatus (found in the dorsal horn) serve:

- fine touch, - proprioception - joint sense

What function does the spinocerebellar tract serve:

-unconscious anesthesia

What function does the lateral and ventral corticospinal tract serve:

-Voluntary movements

The afferent pathways have three neuron paths. What are they:

1. Primary neuron originates in periphery and terminates in spinal cord. 2. Secondary neurons in spinal cord cross to controalateral side and ascencd (ie anterolateral system whcih is comprised of LSTT & ASTT) to terminate in thalamus. 3. Third order neurons project to specific cortex in brain

The characteristic of defects of an upper motor neuron:

- Spastic paralysis (NO MUSCLE ATROPY) - Fasiculation NOT present - Hyperreflexia - Babinski PRESENT

THe characteristic of defects of a lower motor neuron:

- Flaccid paralysis (ATROPHY) - Fasiculation PRESENT - Hyporeflexia - Babinski NOT present

The filaments of the olfactory nerve cross the ______ plate or the _______ bone.

- cribriform | - ethmoid

Cranial nerve two involves the __ optic nerves that unite to form an optic _____, fibers cross and form an optic tract on either side.

- 2 | - chasm

T/F: Most fibers of the optic tract terminate on the thalamus, and then relay fibers run to visual cortex on the occipitl lobe.

TRUE

Cranial nerve III nucleus on the _____ part of midbrain, and extends to run the _________ eye muscle.

- ventral | - external

Cranial nerve IV cells are on the _____ and motor to superior ________ muscles of the eye.

- midbrain | - oblique

Cranial nerve V called the _______ serve three branches that carry afferent impulses from the skin and mucosa of the head and teeth to cell bodies situated on the _____.

- Trigiminal | - pons

What areas do the trigiminal nerve (Cranial nerve V) serve:

- opthalmic - maxillary - mandibular - mastication (small nerve)

Cranial nerve VI called the ______ gives motor to the _____ ______ muscle.

- abducen | - lateral rectus

Cranial nerve VII called the ______ originate on the lower part of ____ and extend via several branches to muscle of the _____ expression. The cranial nerve VII also give sense to the _____ 2/3 of the tongue

- facial - pons - facial - anterior

Cranial nerve VIII called the _____ have two division called the ______ and the _______.

- vestibular - vestibular - cochlear

Cranial nerve IX called the ______ glossopharyngeal has SENSORY fibers from the external ear and post ______ 1/3 of tongue and pharynx. The MOTOR fibers to muscles of the ______.

- glossopharyngeal - posterior - pharynx

Cranial nerve X called the ______ has both _____ and ______ fibers. The sensory fibers are many, but the motor fibers are to the ____ and ____ viscera and to the muscles of _______ (pharynx and larynx).

- vagus - sensory - motor - thoracic - abd. - swallowing

Cranial nerve XI called the spinal _______. Motor fiber originate on the _____ cord to the _____ and ________.

- accessory - cervical - trapezius - sternocleidomastoid

The spinal accessory (Cranial nerve XI) have part of the fibers originate in the cells of the MEDULLA (______ _______) and eventually join forces with the _____ for abdominal and thoracic viscera.

- nuclei ambiguous | - vagus

Cranial nerve XII called the _______ originate at the cell nucleus in _______ to the muscles of the tongue

- hypoglossal | - medulla

T/F: The largest of the cranial nerves is the trigeminal nerve or cranial nerve III.

FALSE (....cranial nerve V.)