Lecture 30- Four Chambered Heart, Layers, Blood Flow

Question 1

Why don’t smaller organisms require a heart?

Answer 1

They use diffusion for waste/O2/nutrients instead

Question 2

What type of animals require a pump?

Answer 2

3D animals

Question 3

How many pumps/heart chambers do fish have?

Answer 3

One pump
Two chambered heart

Question 4

How many pumps/heart chambers to mammals/birds have?

Answer 4

Two pumps
Four chambered heart

Question 5

What is the main issue with a one pump/2 chamber system?

Answer 5

Not effiecient

Question 6

What are the two pumps used for in the human body?

Answer 6

One for lungs and the other for the body

Question 7

What does the left pump do?

Answer 7

Pumps blood from the lungs to the systemic vasculature

Question 8

What does the right pump do?

Answer 8

Acts as the pulmonary pump and pumps blood to the capillaries in the lungs

Question 9

Which pump is known as the pulmonary pump?

Answer 9

The right pump

Question 10

What are the six series steps of the pumps?

Answer 10

Deoxygenated blood–>Right Pump–>Lungs–>Oxygenated blood–>Left Pump–>Systemic Vasculature

Question 11

Where does blood enter to the Right Atrium through?

Answer 11

Inferior or Superior Vena Cava

Question 12

What do the inferior and superior vena cavas tell you?

Answer 12

If blood is coming from the head or the lower parts of body

Question 13

What valve separates the Right Atrium and Right Ventricle?

Answer 13

Right Atrioventricular (AV) valve

AKA Tricuspid valve

Question 14

What valve separates the Right Ventricle and Pulmonary arterty?

Answer 14

Pulmonary valve

Question 15

Where does deoxygenated blood enter the heart?

Answer 15

Vena Cava (superior/inferior)

Question 16

Where does oxygenated blood enter the heart?

Answer 16

Pulmonary vein

Question 17

What valve separates the Left Atrium and Left Ventricle?

Answer 17

Left Atrioventricular (AV) valve

AKA Bicuspid valve

Question 18

What valve separates the Left Atrium and the Aorta?

Answer 18

Aortic valve

Question 19

What are the right blood path steps? (8)

Answer 19

Deoxygenated blood from body–>Inf/Sup Vena Cava–> Right Atrium–>Right AV valve–>Right Ventricle–>Right Pulmonary valve–>Right Pulmonary artery–>Lungs

Question 20

What are the left blood path steps? (8)

Answer 20

Oxygenated blood from lungs–>Pulmonary vein–>Left Atrium–>Left AV Valve–>Left Ventricle–>Aortic Valve–>Aorta–>Body

Question 21

Do veins or arteries carry blood away from the heart?

Answer 21

Arteries

Question 22

Do veins or arteries carry blood towards the heart?

Answer 22

Veins

Question 23

What is the myocardium?

Answer 23

Heart (cardiac) muscle

Surrounds the right/left ventircles

Question 24

What is the pericardial sac?

Answer 24

Heart sac that surrounds heart

Question 25

What are the two types of pericardium?

Answer 25

Visceral and Parietal

Question 26

What is visceral pericardium?

Answer 26

Inner layer along heart (inside of balloon)

Question 27

What is parietal pericardium?

Answer 27

Outer layer on outside of heart (outside of balloon)

Question 28

What are the parietal and visceral pericardium layers made of?

Answer 28

Continuous mesothelium *Visceral pericardium attaches to walls of heart*

Question 29

What are epithelial cells?

Answer 29

Cells that rest upon the body's surface/make contact with outside world

Question 30

What is the endothelium?

Answer 30

Continuous layer of endothelial cells which line the inside of blood vessels/DO NOT make contact with outside world

Question 31

What is the mesothelium?

Answer 31

Layers of mesothelial cells/line the Outside of Organs that are Inside the body

Question 32

Does the parietal or visceral pericardium pertain to the body wall?

Answer 32

Parietal

Question 33

Does the parietal or visceral pericardium pertain to organs?

Answer 33

Visceral

Question 34

Why is the fluid between the mesothelial layers important?

Answer 34

Reduces friction when the heart expands so it isn't painful as the layers rub together

Question 35

What is pericarditis?

Answer 35

Swelling and irritation of fluid sac which causes pain due to friction

Question 36

What is Cardiac Tamponade?

Answer 36

Heart has trouble pumping and beating

Question 37

How does pressure work in the heart?

Answer 37

Low pressure enter and fills the ventricles which produces a larger pressure than outside to force blood out