Lecture 31 Flashcards
Aerobic Conditioning (43 cards)
is blood volume trainable
very trainable and have big advantages
more blood volume would increase someones what
increase their VO2 max
blood volume is equal to what
plasma volume + red blood cell volume
increased plasma volume leads to increased what and therefore what
increased venous return, therefore stroke volume
what is the key benefit to increased plasma volume from training
increased stroke volume
what are the other benefits to increased plasma volume from training
increased thermoregulation
off sets increased viscosity of increased red blood cell volume
how quickly can you measure the effects of training on increased plasma volume
takes only one day to become clearly measureable
what does increased red cell volume lead to
increased O2 delivery
decreased demand for peripheral blood flow
how quickly can you measure the effects of training on increased red cell volume
takes ~3 weeks to become measurable / apparent
plasma volume and red cell volume increase to a similar extent, but what do you not get more of
you do not get more O2 per litre of blood
how to stimulate increased blood volume in training
- heat
- long duration activity ?
- dehydration ?
- contractile activity (causes fluid shifts)
- upright during recovery
who will have greater blood volume, swimmers or cyclists
cyclists, because they exercise upright where as swimmers don’t
how does vascularisation influence O2 extraction and utilisation
- arteries and aretioles
- capillarisation
what is capillarisation
number of capillaries around each muscle fibre
what are the muscle factors that influence O2 extraction and utilisation
- fibre size and type
- mitochondria
- myoglobin
what mitochondria in muscle factors that influence O2 extraction and utilisation
mitochondrial …..
- size
- number
- cellular location
- oxidative enzyme concentrations
signals from exercise drive a wide range of adaptations to muscle, what are they
increased enzymes for energy storage and breakdown
increased slow twitch myosin
increased capillarisation
increased antioxidant capacity
what are the main changes to the systemic vascular capacity due to training
- larger arteries and arterioles
- some new networks of arteries and arterioles
- more capillaries
how does training increase systemic vascular capacity
- metabolic signals locally
- shear stress in blood vessels is regulated
how is shear stress in blood vessels regulated during exercise
increased nitric oxide production, so increased vessel dilation
capillarisation due to endurance training means what
more capillaries around each muscle fibre
endurance trained people have more capillaries surrounding what that untrained people
more capillaries around each muscle fibre
how does capillarisation aid exchange
decreased diffusion distance
increased time for exchange
increased blood flow into tissue
how does capillarisation increase time for exchange
more places for blood to flow so it slows down which means there is more time for exchange
