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IMS Endocrinology > Lecture 31 - hormones > Flashcards

Lecture 31 - hormones Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

what is GH

A

Growth hormone

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2
Q

what is ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

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3
Q

what is FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

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4
Q

what is TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

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5
Q

what is PRL

A

Prolactin

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6
Q

GH function…

A

skeletal growth

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7
Q

ACTH function stimulates…

A

adrenals to produce steroids

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8
Q

PRL function stimulates production of…

A

breast milk production

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9
Q

Which hormones PRODUCED in anterior pituitary (GAFLTP)

A

GH, ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH, PRL

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10
Q

Which hormones STORED in posterior pituitary (AO)

A

ADH, Oxytocin

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11
Q

what is ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone

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12
Q

ADH function stimulates…

A

water reapsorption

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13
Q

ADH produced…

A

urine reduced

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14
Q

Oxytocin function…

A

uterine contractions in labour

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15
Q

C in CRH

A

Corticotrophin RH

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16
Q

GH in GHRH

A

Growth hormone

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17
Q

T in TRH

A

Thyrotropin

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18
Q

Gn in GnRH

A

Gonadotrophin

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19
Q

hypothalamus releases CRH which stimulates secretion of…from anterior lobe

A

ACTH

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20
Q

hypothalamus releases GHRH which stimulates secretion of…from anterior lobe

A

Growth hormone

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21
Q

hypothalamus releases TRH which stimulates secretion of…from anterior lobe

A

TSH

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22
Q

hypothalamus releases GnRH which stimulates secretion of…from anterior lobe

A

FSH and LH

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23
Q

PRL releasing hormone?

A

doesnt exist! Prolactin is under inhibitory control of hypothalamus

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24
Q

what is cortisol (a cortcosteroid)

A

a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones

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25
where is cortisol released from
adrenal glands in zona fasciculata (above kidneys)
26
name of cortisol when used as a medication
hydrocortisone
27
what does cortisol switch off
ACTH and CRH
28
What does GH switch off
GH and GHRH
29
what do thyroid hormones switch off
TSH and TRH
30
what do sex hormones switch off
FSH, LH and GnRH
31
glands controlled by pituitary
thyroid, adrenal glands (cortex), ovaries, testes
32
glands not controlled by pituitary
adrenal medulla, parathyroid, pancreas, gut hormones
33
thyroid is composed of
Midline isthmus, right lobe and left lobe
34
what do C cells (parafollicular cells) which are found in the thyroid produce
calcitonin
35
does pituitary control calcium levels
NO! pituitary is not involved with calcium levels as it is the cells in the thyroid secrete calcitonin for calcium metabolism
36
adrenal cortex is under control of what gland
pituitary
37
adrenal medulla is under control of what gland
hypothalamus via neurones in thoracic spinal chord
38
adrenal medulla produces which two main hormones
adrenaline and noradrenaline
39
parathyroid controls what
calcium levels, controlled by 4 main parathyroid glands
40
describe negative feedback pathway for control of thyroid hormone secretion - from hypothalamus to T3 and T4
hypothalamus - TRH - Pituitary - TSH - thyroid - T3 and T4
41
what other organs are involved in calcium metabolims
kidneys (Ca excretion and production of active vitamin D), gut (absorption), bone (storage), thyroid
42
composition of adrenal glands percentages
``` 90% = adrenal cortex 10% = adrenal medulla ```
43
what does adrenal cortex produce
cortisol, androgens, aldosterone
44
aldosterone is aka
mineralcorticoid, related to renin-angiotensin system for blood pressure
45
what does adrenal medulla produce
catecholamines
46
give three examples of catecholamines
adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine
47
secretion of _ and _ not controlled by pituitary (adrenal glands)
catecholamine and mineralcorticoid (aldosterone)
48
describe the COMMON negative feedback pathway for control of female hormone secretion
hypothalamus - GnRH - pituitary - FSH and LH - ovaries
49
first half of menstrual cycle means ovaries mostly secrete
oestradiol = strongest type of oestrogen
50
second half of menstrual cycle means ovaries mostly secrete
progesterone
51
what is dual function of oestradiol
switches off FSH, switches on LH secretion
52
first 14 days of menstral cycle high levels of...
FSH
53
function of inhibin, produced by granulosa cells in ovaries
inhibits FSH secretion from anterior pituitary
54
In the testes, what are the three main components
Interstitial cells (or Leydig), Seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells
55
Interstitial cells produce
testosterone
56
seminiferous tubules
made up of germ cells, make sperm
57
sertoli cells help in sperm production and produce
inhibin
58
difference between female and male hormone secretion
``` female = hormone (oestradiol) has dual function male = no hormones have dual function ```
59
describe COMMON negative feedback pathway for male hormone secretion
hypothalamus - GnRH - pituitary - FSH and LH - testis
60
testis secrete _ to decrease FSH and LH production by pituitary = negative feedback stimulating Sertoli cells
inhibin (Sertoli cells)
61
testis secrete _ to decrease FSH and LH production by pituitary = negative feedback stimulating Leydig cells
testosterone (Leydig or Interstitial cells)
62
what two hormones do the testes secrete = both decrease FSH and LH production
testosterone and inhibin
63
what does FSH stimulate in males
testicular growth, enhances production of androgen binding protein (ADP) on Sertoli cells
64
what does LH stimulate in males
testosterone secretion from Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)
65
what cells do FSH stimulate primarily
Sertoli cells = increase spermatogenesis and secrete inhibin = S for FSH Sertoli cells
66
what cells do LH stimulate primarily
Leydig cells = L for LH

IMS Endocrinology (4 decks)

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