Lecture 31: Intro

Question 1

Kidneys do what?

Answer 1

filter blood
return most water and solutes to blood
release EPO and calcitrol
excrete wastes

Question 2

kidney and blood ionic conp

Answer 2

NA, K, Ca, Cl and phsophate ions

Question 3

Kidneys regulate

Answer 3

blood ionic comp
blood pH, osmolarity, glucose
regulate blood volume
blood pressure (through muscle cells)

Question 4

glucose in urine

Answer 4

shouldn’t be there normally

Question 5

What’s special about where kidneys are?

Answer 5

retroparentineal: OUTSIDE parotenial cavity… not well protected

Question 6

2 major parts of nephron

Answer 6

corpuscle

tubule

Question 7

renal corpuscle

Answer 7

plasma filtration
glomerulus
glomerular (Boman’s) capsule
looks like a button

Question 8

glomerulus

Answer 8

part of corpuscle
DOES the filtration
capps where filtration happens

Question 9

glomerular (Boman’s) capsule

Answer 9

part of corpuscle
double walled epithelial cup
collects filtrate

Question 10

Renal Tubule

Answer 10

proximal convoluted tubule
loop of Henle (ascending and descending)
distal convoluted tubule

Question 11

collecting and papillary ducts do what?

Answer 11

drain urine to renal pelvis and ureter

Question 12

Glomerular capillaries location

Answer 12

between afferent and efferent arteroles

Question 13

what do efferent arterioles become

Answer 13

peritubular capillaries and casa recta

Question 14

Cortical Nephron

Answer 14

loops of henlle dip a little into medulla
species that are water dependent (humans)
80-85% are cortucal
mostly in cortex

Question 15

Juxtameduallary Nephron

Answer 15

close to and in medulla
long loops of henlee
mostly deep in medulla
      allow excretion of dilute or concentrated urine (depending on situation)
thick and thin portions
25-20% in us

Question 16

blood to kidney

Answer 16

recieves 25% of resting CO

Question 17

function of glomerular cappilaries

Answer 17

filtration of blood

vasoconstrict and dialate of afferent and efferet arterioles= large changes in renal filtration

Question 18

function of peritubular capilaries

Answer 18

carry away reabsorbed substances from filtrate

Question 19

2 capillary bed types

Answer 19

peritubular

glomerular

Question 20

nerve supply to kidney

Answer 20

symp vasmotor nerves reg blood flow and renal resistance

alter diameter of arterioles

Question 21

nephron and collecting duct histology

Answer 21

single layer of epicells everywhere

Question 22

histology features from function of each region

Answer 22

microvilli
cupodial v. simple
hormone receptors

Question 23

where is Boman’s capsule

Answer 23

surrounding capsular space
podocytes: cover caps from visceral layer
simple sqaumous cells form parietal layer

Question 24

Glomerular caps arise…

Answer 24

from afferent arteriols

form ball before emptying into efferent and into blood

Question 25

Juxtagolmerular Apparatus (JG)

Answer 25

where afferent arteriole makes contact with ascending loop of henlee macula densa juxtaglomerular cells

Question 26

macula densa

Answer 26

thickest part of ascending loop of henlee

Question 27

juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 27

modified cells in arteriole

Question 28

Number of nephrons

Answer 28

constant from birth increase in kidney size comes from inc in SIZE of nephrons cant be replaced

Question 29

Kidney Problems

Answer 29

dysfuction not evident until function is less than 25% of normal removal of one kidney=enlargment of remaining until it can filter 80% of normal rate of 2 kidneys

Question 30

nephritis

Answer 30

drinking too much-> injure or destroy nephron

Question 31

glomerular cappilaries formed...

Answer 31

between afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 32

efferent arterioles

Answer 32

give rise to peritubular caps of vasa recta

Question 33

vasa recta

Answer 33

makes conntections to tubules on opposite sides

Question 34

review slide

Answer 34

11 and around and listen around 15 minutes

Question 35

flow through cortical nephrons

Answer 35

``` glomerular (boman's) capsule proximal convoluted tubule descending LH ascending LH distal convoluted tubule ```

Question 36

flow through JG nephron

Answer 36

``` glomerular capsuke proximal convoluted tubule descending limb of LH thin ascending limb LH thick ascending loop LH distal convoluted tubule (drains to collecting duct) ```

Question 37

glomerular

Answer 37

parietal and visceral layers | viscleral layer has podocytes

Question 38

fenestration of glomerular endothelial cells

Answer 38

prevent filtration of blood cells | allows components of blood plasma through

Question 39

basal lamina of glomerulus

Answer 39

prevenets filtration of large proteins

Question 40

slit membranes between pediceles

Answer 40

prevent filtration of medium sized proteins