Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CH 25 Immunologic Emergencies > Lecture > Flashcards

Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

Define hypersensitivity

A

An exaggerated immune response to a perceived harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an abnormal immune response when exposed to a minor allergan affecting one body system

A

Allergic reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define anaphylaxis

A

In extreme response involving IGE antibody mediation in two or more body systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define anaphylactoid reaction

A

Does not involve IGE antibody mediation but presents clinically the same as anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a substance that produces an allergic symptoms

A

Allergen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An agent that stimulates the formation of specific antibodies

A

Antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an antibody?

A

Immunoglobulin protein the body produces in response to an antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A specific antibody involved in allergic reactions located on mast cells and basophils

A

IGE antibody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are immune system cells located

A

In lymph nodes the blood stream, tissues, spleen and G.I. tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two types of immune system responses?

A

Innate system response and adaptive system response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe an innate immune system response

A

First line of defense
Quick response
Consists of compliment proteins and inflammatory mediators such as mast cells, basophils, macrophage and neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe an adaptive immune system response

A

Can either be Cellular immunity or humoral immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What type of immune response is cell mediated where killer T cells attack and destroy invaders and helper T cells assist B cells?

A

Cellular immunity of the adaptive immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the primary response of Humoral immunity

A

When B cells produce antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of macrophages?

A

To engulf foreign substances and to recognize invading proteins and design antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the main physiology behind an inflammatory response?

A

Increased blood flow and leaky capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is chemotaxis

A

Part of the immune response that involves chemical mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does the immune response develop sensitivity?

A

Specific antibodies are placed on mast cells and basophils that will recognize and destroy the invader in the future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where are basophils located?

A

In specific body regions typically lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are mast cells located?

A

They’re circulated in vulnerable body sites such as connective tissue, G.I. mucosa, and the respiratory tract

21
Q

What do chemical mediators do in an immune system response?

A

Signal several chemicals such as histamine to produce swelling, bronchoconstriction, and vasodilation
Recruit neutrophils and eosinophils
Beneficial if localized, But devastating when systemic

22
Q

What is acquired immunity?

A

Exposure to an antigen through a vaccine and the body develops immunity without becoming ill

23
Q

What is natural immunity?

A

Antibodies are developed and immunity occurs after successfully fighting off a disease

24
Q

What happens during anaphylaxis at the cellular level?

A

An inappropriate immune response by systemic chemical mediator release causing vasodilation, respiratory constriction, G.I. upset and/or systemic hives

25
When should you have a high index of suspicion that an anaphylactic response is occurring?
Anytime two or more body systems are involved.
26
Does anaphylaxis occur on the first exposure?
No, but an anaphylactoid response does | The immune response does not involve IGE mediators in anaphylaxis
27
Is there a difference between the clinical presentation of an anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid response?
NO
28
What are the two types of non-anaphylaxis hypersensitivity disorders?
Collagen vascular disease | Acute allergic reactions
29
What is a collagen vascular disease?
Autoimmune disorder can be chronic or acute and includes lupus and scleroderma
30
What is an acute allergic reaction?
A less extreme immune response that can cause rhinitis, localized hives, sneezing, coughing an increased mucus production
31
Name 4 methods of invasion
Ingestion injection inhalation absorption
32
Systems affected by anaphylaxis
Skin, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, psychological
33
Common anaphylaxis skin signs
Warm, flush, itching, swollen red eyes, face mouth and tongue edema, distal edema, Hives (urticaria)
34
Common anaphylactic respiratory signs
Dyspnea, tightness in throat and chest, stridor, hoarseness, wheezing, crackles, cough, sneeze
35
Common anaphylactic signs affecting the cardiovascular system
Dysrhythmias, hypotension, tachycardia
36
Common anaphylactic signs affecting the gastrointestinal system
Abdominal cramping, nausea, bloating, vomiting, abdominal distention, profuse diarrhea
37
Common anaphylactic signs affecting the central nervous system
Headache, dizziness, confusion, anxiety, impending doom, AMS
38
Does anaphylaxis always have a rapid onset?
No
39
What is the first line of treatment for an anaphylactic response?
Epinephrine
40
What is the epinephrine dose for an anaphylactic response?
.3mg 1:1,000 IM q 5min | .3mg 1:10,000 IV can be considered
41
Are there any contraindications for administering epinephrine in an anaphylactic response?
No Be cautious if there is a cardiac Hx, but don't let it stop you from administering epic if it is needed Caution with pts. taking TCA's and MAOI for depression
42
What is the first action you should take if you suspect anaphylaxis
A B C's and then administer .3 mg 1:1,000 epi IM
43
In the presence of a severe anaphylactic response what should be done while an IV is being established?
Deliver .3mg 1:1,000 IM followed by .3mg 1:10,000 IV SLOWLY over 5 min, if appropriate
44
What is the concern with giving an IM injection during an anaphylactic response
Blood is shunted from the periphery thereby decreasing circulation and slowing the absorption rate
45
What are second line treatments for anaphylaxis?
``` Albuterol 2.5mg Benadryl 50mg Solu-Medrol 125mg IV fluids (1-2L, consider 2 large bore IV if needed) Supportive care Monitor closely for re-dosing ```
46
What is biphasic anaphylaxis?
A repeat of symptoms that can occur 1-72 hours after the initial attack
47
What is the best way to prevent biphasic anaphylaxis?
Administering 125mg of Solu-Medrol during the first attack
48
What is the most important thing during an anaphylactic response?
Early recognition and treatment
49
What signs and symptoms give you a high index of suspicion that there is an anaphylactic response occurring?
Two or more body systems are involved

CH 25 Immunologic Emergencies (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions