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Anatomy Exam > Lecture 34 - Ears > Flashcards

Lecture 34 - Ears Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three parts of the ear?

A

Inner - Middle - Outer

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2
Q

What is the inner ear within?

A

Temporal bone

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3
Q

What is the middle ear within?

A

Petrous and tympanic portions of the temporal bone

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4
Q

What is the bony labyrinth of the inner ear filled with?

A

Perilymph

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5
Q

What is suspended in the perilymph?

A

Membranous labyrinth

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6
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth filled with?

A

Endolymph

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7
Q

Besides endolymph what else is within the membranous labyrinth?

A

Organs that transduce movement into neuronal signals

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8
Q

What are the two sections of the membranous labyrinth?

A

Vestibule and cochlea

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9
Q

What is within the vestibule?

A

Contains all organs of balance and orientation

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10
Q

What innervates the vestibule?

A

Vestibular branch of CN VIII

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11
Q

What is within the cochlea?

A

Contains the organ of hearing

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12
Q

What innervates the cochlea?

A

Cochlear branch of CN VIII

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13
Q

What happens when the stereocilia toward the kinocilium?

A

Increase the firing rate of the sensory nerve

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14
Q

What happens if the stereocilia bend away from the kinocilium?

A

Decrease the firing rate

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15
Q

What are the two portions of the of vestibule?

A

Utricle and saccule

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16
Q

What are cristae?

A

Crests of hair cells stimulated by fluid flow around semicircular ducts in response to rotation

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17
Q

Where are crista?

A

Located in the ampulla at the end of the three semicircular ducts

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18
Q

What stimulates the spiral organ?

A

Sound waves transmitted from the surrounding perilymph into the endolymph

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19
Q

What decides where the sound is transferred from perilymph to endolymph?

A

Frequency

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20
Q

What amplifies sound on land?

A

Tympanic membrane

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21
Q

What is the function of the middle ear?

A

Transmit sound vibrations from lateral external ear to medial inner ear

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22
Q

What are the three ear bones?

A

Stapes - Incus - Malleus

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23
Q

What does the stapes articulate with?

A

The oval window

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24
Q

What does the stapes do?

A

Causes the vibrations in the perilymph of the inner ear

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25
What does the malleus articulate with?
Fixed to the tympanic membrane
26
What does the malleus do?
Passes vibrations from the external ear to the inner ear
27
What are the two muscles that interact with the ossicles?
Tensor tympani Stapedius
28
What nerve innervates the tensor tympani?
Mandibular nerve CN V3
29
What nerve innervates the Stapedius?
Facial nerve CN VII
30
What is the function of the muscles in the ossicles?
Act to clarify hearing and protect from excessively loud noises
31
Where is the tensor tympani?
Comes from the anterior wall of the middle ear and inserts onto the body of the malleus
32
Where is the stapedius?
Comes from the posterior wall and inserts on the head of the stapes
33
What nerve does the sensory from the mucosa lining of the middle ear come from?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
34
What nerve carries preganglionic PNS axons from CN IX to the otic ganglion?
Minor pterosal nerve
35
What is carried on the major petrosal nerve?
Preganglionic PNS axons from CN VII to the pterygopalatine ganglion
36
What is the chorda tympani a branch of?
Facial nerve
37
What nerve crosses the tympanic membrane?
Chorda tympani
38
What nerve does the chorda tympani hitchhike on?
Lingual
39
What maximizes the function of the tympanic membrane?
Pressure on both sides must be equal
40
What does the auditory tube connect?
Middle ear to the nasopharynx
41
What is the normal state of the auditory tube?
Closed
42
What is the function of the auditory tube?
To equalize pressure
43
What muscles open the auditory tube?
Tensor and levator veli palatini
44
What structures lay within the same region as the guttural pouch?
Stylohyoid External carotid artery Glossopharyngeal nerve Vagosympathetic trunk Hypoglossal nerve
45
What happens when there is facture of the stylohyoid?
Difficulty moving the tongue
46
What happens where there is a lesion of the vagus or glossopharyngeal nerves?
Difficulty swallowing or laryngeal hemiplegia
47
What can lead to horner syndrome?
Lesion of the sympathetic chain
48
What is otitis media?
Infection of the middle ear
49
What surgical method can be used with severe ear infections?
Drained via opening tympanic bulla rostromedially into the nasopharynx
50
What is the function of the Auricle?
Funnel and focus sound in the external auditory canal
51
What grouping are the auricular muscles a part of?
Muscles of facial expression
52
What does the caudal auricular artery come off of?
External carotid
53
What are the branches off the caudal auricular?
Medial - Lateral - Intermediate - Deep
54
What does the caudal aurcular a. provide blood to?
Caudal surface of the ear
55
What provides sensory to the ear?
Ventral and dorsal rami of C2
56
What does the Ventral rami of C2 provide sensory to?
Lateral side of caudal ear
57
What nerve comes off the ventral rami of C2?
Great auricular nerve
58
What nerve comes off the dorsal rami of C2?
Great occipital n.
59
What does the greater occipital n. provide sensory to?
Medial, caudal portion of the ear
60
What does the auriculotemporal n. provide sensory for?
Rostral portion of the ear and a lot of the lower jaw and lateral face
61
What is the auriculotemporal n. a branch of?
Trigeminal - CN V3 (mandibular)
62
What does the vagus nerve provide sensory for?
Rostral portion of ear medial region
63
What is the path of the vagal nerve in regards to ear sensory?
Hitchhikes on facial nerve in the petrous portion of the temporal bone
64
What are the functions of the ear?
Balance and orientation Hearing
65

Anatomy Exam (32 decks)

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